Table 2.
Characteristics associated with lacking awareness (versus being aware) of racial differences in national kidney transplant waitlisting among providers from 655 dialysis facilities with low waitlisting across all 18 ESKD networks in 2016
| Characteristics | Crude OR, Unaware versus Aware (95% CI) | Adjusted OR,a Unaware versus Aware (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Responder characteristics | ||
| Sex | ||
| Men | Reference | |
| Women | 3.93 (2.58 to 6.00) | 1.55 (0.79 to 3.04) |
| Prefer not to answer | 10.2 (2.35 to 44.4) | 5.06 (0.26 to 97.4) |
| Role at facility | ||
| Medical director | Reference | |
| Nurse manager | 8.49 (5.11 to 14.1) | 7.33 (3.35 to 16.0) |
| Facility administrator | 7.20 (3.68 to 14.1) | 6.05 (2.42 to 15.1) |
| Social worker | 4.07 (2.13 to 7.78) | 3.04 (1.22 to 7.57) |
| Other staff | 3.31 (1.02 to 10.8) | 3.08 (0.72 to 13.2) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Black | Reference | |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 2.01 (1.17 to 3.46) | 2.64 (1.39 to 5.02) |
| Hispanic | 2.31 (0.86 to 6.20) | 3.24 (0.97 to 10.8) |
| Otherb | 0.92 (0.46 to 1.84) | 2.71 (1.09 to 6.73) |
| Prefer not to answer | 2.75 (1.14 to 6.63) | 3.02 (0.96 to 9.44) |
| Age, yr | ||
| 21–39 | Reference | |
| 40–49 | 1.60 (0.93 to 2.76) | 1.00 (0.52 to 1.90) |
| 50–59 | 1.35 (0.75 to 2.44) | 1.35 (0.66 to 2.74) |
| 60 or older | 2.82 (1.50 to 5.30) | 0.61 (0.29 to 1.32) |
| Prefer not to answer | 0.50 (0.14 to 1.74) | 1.10 (0.13 to 9.65) |
| Transplant and racial disparities knowledge questions | ||
| On average, white patients are on dialysis for a longer time than black patients—incorrectc | 3.37 (2.23 to 5.10) | 2.83 (1.75 to 4.55) |
| Facility characteristics | ||
| No. of patients | ||
| >95 | Reference | — |
| ≤50 | 1.46 (0.86 to 2.48) | — |
| 51–70 | 1.13 (0.66 to 1.94) | — |
| 71–95 | 1.11 (0.63 to 1.95) | — |
| No. of staff | ||
| ≤10 | Reference | — |
| 11–15 | 1.15 (0.69 to 1.91) | — |
| 16–20 | 1.00 (0.57 to 1.77) | — |
| >20 | 0.94 (0.53 to 1.67) | — |
| Low percentage of black patients at the facility (<23%; versus high) | 1.59 (1.02 to 2.47) | 1.86 (1.02 to 3.39) |
| Facility had waitlisting racial disparity in 2014 (black versus white) | 1.09 (0.74 to 1.62) | — |
| Percentage of families below national poverty level (by zip code of facility) | ||
| 0–10 | Reference | — |
| 10–15 | 0.98 (0.55 to 1.74) | 0.67 (0.34 to 1.32) |
| 15–20 | 0.57 (0.33 to 0.98) | 0.34 (0.17 to 0.67) |
| ≥20 | 0.73 (0.43 to 1.26) | 0.74 (0.37 to 1.50) |
| Insurance types, % | ||
| Medicaid only | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.01) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) |
| Medicare | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.02) | — |
| Employer based | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | — |
| Other insurance | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.05) | — |
| Uninsured | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.01) | — |
| Comorbidities per 1% increase | ||
| Average count of comorbidities | 0.88 (0.60 to 1.27) | — |
| Diabetes, % | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) | — |
| Hypertension, % | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) | — |
| Congestive heart failure, % | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.00) | — |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, % | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.02) | — |
| Cancer, % | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.02) | — |
| Profit (versus nonprofit) | 1.44 (0.79 to 2.63) | — |
| US Census regions | ||
| Northeast | Reference | |
| South | 3.12 (1.40 to 6.97) | 3.05 (1.04 to 8.94) |
| Midwest | 2.61 (1.08 to 6.33) | 1.66 (0.54 to 5.14) |
| West | 3.44 (1.20 to 9.82) | 2.44 (0.65 to 9.17) |
OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; —, variable was not included in the multivariable analyses.
Adjusted for provider sex, role, race, age, kidney transplant racial disparity knowledge, facility number of patients, number of staff, high versus low percentage of black patients, poverty level of facility zip code, percentage of patients on Medicaid, and US Census regions.
Other includes those who self-identified as “Asian,” “American Indian or Alaskan Native,” “Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander,” and “Multiple Races.”
Providers who did not respond “false” to the statement “On average, white patients are on dialysis for a longer time than African-American patients.”