Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Characteristic | n=25 |
| Age, mean (range) | 65 (45–81) |
| Gender | |
| Female, n (%) | 13 (52) |
| Male, n (%) | 12 (48) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| Black/African-American, n (%) | 6 (24) |
| White/Caucasian, n (%) | 17 (68) |
| Asian, n (%) | 2 (8) |
| Education | |
| No high school degree, n (%) | 1 (4) |
| High school degree/GED, n (%) | 6 (24) |
| Some college/associate’s degree, n (%) | 5 (20) |
| College degree, n (%) | 6 (24) |
| Postgraduate degree, n (%) | 7 (28) |
| Marital status | |
| Single | 7 (28) |
| Married | 6 (24) |
| Divorced | 8 (32) |
| Widowed | 4 (16) |
| Scales | |
| Diabetes numeracy,* mean % correct (range) | 53.6% (0%–100%) |
| Health literacy,† mean score (range) | 12.4 (9–15) |
| Diabetes self-efficacy,‡ mean (range) | 28.8 (21–40) |
| HgbA1C, mean | 7.5 |
| HgbA1C Group | |
| <7, n (%), (A1c value range) | 14 (56), (5.6–6.9) |
| 7 to 8.9, n (%), (A1c value range) | 7 (28), (7.1–8.4) |
| >9, n (%), (A1c value range) | 4 (16), (10.1–12.6) |
| Medications | |
| Non-insulin dependent, n (%) | 12 (48) |
| Insulin dependent, n (%) | 13 (52) |
| Comorbidities§ | |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 17 (71) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 15 (60) |
| Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 5 (20) |
*Possible score range: 0% (worst) to 100% (best).
†Possible score range: 3 (worst) to 15 (best).
‡Possible score range: 8 (worst) to 40 (best).
§Comorbidities are not mutually exclusive, percentages may total greater than 100%.
GED, general education diploma.