Table 2.
Feature Selection Criteria.
| Binary feature | Class variance > 20% | Univariate p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical / Laboratory | ||
| Albumin > 3.5 g/dL | Yes | 0.68 |
| Alcoholic liver disease | Yes | 0.96 |
| Ascites present | 0.31 | |
| Bilirubin > 1.5 mg/dL | 0.83 | |
| Encephalopathy present | 0.47 | |
| Hepatitis B | 0.59 | |
| Hepatitis C | Yes | 0.58 |
| Transplant recipient | 0.97 | |
| Distant (extra-hepatic) metastases present | 0.30 | |
| Lymph node metastases present | 0.59 | |
| Cirrhosis present | Yes | 0.34 |
| Treatment | ||
| Treated with Lipiodol | Yes | 0.51 |
| Sorafenib treatment | Yes | 0.51 |
| Demographic | ||
| Male | 0.28 | |
| White ethnicity | Yes | 0.74 |
| Imaging | ||
| Portal vein invasion | 0.47 | |
| Pre-TACE enhancing tumor volume > 598 cm3 | 0.38 | |
| Pre-TACE liver volume > 1,990 cm3 | Yes | 0.57 |
| Pre-TACE mean liver signal intensity > 15.4 | 0.97 | |
| Pre-TACE tumor signal intensity > 27.0 | Yes | 0.19 |
| Pre-TACE number of tumors > 2 | Yes | 0.51 |
| Pre-TACE standard deviation of liver signal intensity > 9.4 | Yes | 0.83 |
| Pre-TACE standard deviation of tumor signal intensity > 10.6 | 0.90 | |
| Pre-TACE tumor volume > 1,070 cm^3 | 0.38 | |
| Tumor diameter > 3 cm | Yes | 0.70 |
Total features considered and final features selected to train machine learning model after applying selection criteria: a) > 20% variance and b) Univariate p-value < 0.55 when associated with treatment response. Five features (italicized) satisfied both criteria.