Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 423 women in Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study (2004–2017) by category of distance from residential address to nearest major roadway.
| Categories of Residential Distance to Major Roadway
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range, m | <50 | 50–99 | 100–199 | 200–399 | ≥400 | |
| Number of women | 105 | 99 | 84 | 70 | 65 | p-valuea |
| Personal Characteristics | ||||||
| Age, years | 35.4 ± 4.3 | 35.2 ± 4.0 | 35.3 ± 3.8 | 35.0 ± 3.5 | 35.5 ± 4.6 | 0.89 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.4 ± 4.6 | 24.1 ± 4.3 | 24.0 ± 4.7 | 24.0 ± 4.1 | 24.8 ± 4.2 | 0.45 |
| Ever smoker, n (%) | 29 (27.6) | 27 (27.3) | 24 (28.6) | 17 (24.3) | 16 (24.6) | 0.97 |
| White/Caucasian, n (%) | 90 (85.7) | 79 (79.8) | 65 (77.4) | 57 (81.4) | 59 (90.8) | 0.20 |
| Education Level, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Less than college | 12 (11.4) | 10 (10.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.3) | 5 (7.7) | |
| College degree | 41 (39.1) | 32 (32.3) | 41 (48.8) | 25 (35.7) | 26 (40.0) | |
| Graduate degree | 52 (49.5) | 57 (57.6) | 43 (51.2) | 42 (60.0) | 34 (52.3) | |
| Census Tract Median Incomeb, $ | 105,232 ± 52,200 | 105,239 ± 47,378 | 101,721 ± 35,597 | 105,856 ± 37,192 | 118,366 ± 35,818 | 0.02 |
| Currently working, n (%) | 85 (94.4) | 84 (94.4) | 74 (96.1) | 60 (98.4) | 55 (93.2) | 0.69 |
| Residential Traffic Density, Km*vehicles/day | 19449 ± 40520 | 7613 ± 19931 | 221 ± 504 | 418 ± 701 | 357 ± 655 | <0.001 |
| Initial IVF Cycle Characteristics | ||||||
| Nulligravid, n (%) | 62 (59.1) | 61 (61.6) | 56 (66.7) | 40 (57.1) | 35 (53.9) | 0.56 |
| Nulliparous, n (%) | 92 (87.6) | 92 (92.9) | 74 (88.1) | 55 (78.6) | 54 (83.1) | 0.08 |
| Infertility diagnosis, n (%) | 0.68 | |||||
| Female factor | 38 (36.2) | 29 (29.3) | 31 (36.9) | 24 (34.3) | 18 (27.7) | |
| Male factor | 27 (25.7) | 35 (35.4) | 23 (27.4) | 21 (30.0) | 26 (40.0) | |
| Unexplained | 40 (38.1) | 35 (35.4) | 30 (35.7) | 25 (35.7) | 21 (32.3) | |
| Treatment Protocol, n (%) | 0.90 | |||||
| Antagonist or Flare | 22 (21.0) | 21 (21.2) | 22 (26.2) | 16 (22.9) | 16 (24.6) | |
| Luteal Phase Agonist | 78 (74.3) | 71 (71.7) | 55 (65.5) | 47 (67.1) | 43 (66.2) | |
| Egg Donor or Cryo Cycle | 5 (4.8) | 7 (7.1) | 7 (8.4) | 7 (10.0) | 6 (9.2) | |
| Method of Inseminationc, n (%) | 0.81 | |||||
| Conventional | 45 (48.9) | 41 (48.2) | 41 (56.2) | 32 (53.3) | 26 (47.3) | |
| ICSI | 47 (51.1) | 44 (51.8) | 32 (43.8) | 28 (46.7) | 26 (52.7) | |
| Embryo Transfer Day, n (%) | 0.60 | |||||
| No embryos transferred | 14 (13.5) | 10 (10.1) | 7 (8.4) | 9 (12.9) | 5 (7.7) | |
| Day 2 | 3 (2.9) | 2 (3.0) | 5 (6.0) | 4 (5.7) | 6 (9.2) | |
| Day 3 | 41 (39.4) | 40 (40.4) | 38 (45.8) | 34 (48.6) | 27 (41.5) | |
| Day 5 | 41 (39.4) | 39 (39.4) | 26 (31.3) | 16 (22.9) | 21 (32.3) | |
| Egg Donor or Cryo Cycle | 5 (4.8) | 7 (7.1) | 7 (8.4) | 7 (10.0) | 6 (9.2) | |
| Embryos Transferred, n (%) | 0.74 | |||||
| No embryos transferred | 14 (13.5) | 10 (10.1) | 7 (8.4) | 9 (12.9) | 5 (7.7) | |
| 1 embryo | 25 (24.3) | 16 (16.2) | 16 (19.3) | 12 (17.1) | 9 (13.9) | |
| 2 embryos | 41 (39.8) | 49 (49.5) | 43 (51.8) | 35 (50.0) | 32 (49.6) | |
| 3+ embryos | 18 (17.5) | 17 (17.2) | 10 (12.1) | 7 (10.0) | 6 (9.2) | |
| Egg Donor or Cryo Cycle | 5 (4.8) | 7 (7.1) | 7 (8.4) | 7 (10.0) | 6 (9.2) | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DOR, diminished ovarian reserve; IVF, in vitro fertilization.
For continuous variables, Kruskal Wallis tests were used to test for associations across categories of distance to nearest roadway. For categorical variables, chi-squared tests (or Fisher’s exact tests if cell counts were <5) were used to test the associations across categories of distance to nearest roadway.
Median family income in the past 12 months (in 2011 inflation-adjusted dollars) by tract from the American Community Survey 2007–2010 estimates.
Only available for fresh autologous cycles with oocytes successfully retrieved.