Table 2.
Multivariate analysis of clinical covariates associated with left atrial function.
| Clinical covariates | LA function | Coef. (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | εs | −0.3 (−0.4, −0.1) | <0.0001 |
| εe | −0.3 (−0.4, −0.2) | <0.0001 | |
| SRs | −0.02 (−0.03, −0.01) | <0.0001 | |
| SRe | 0.04 (0.04, 0.1) | <0.0001 | |
| SRe/SRa | −0.01 (−0.02, −0.003) | 0.012 | |
| Female | SRa | 0.2 (−0.04, 0.5) | 0.10 |
| Ever smoked | εe | −1.2 (−3.0, −0.5) | 0.16 |
| SRe | 0.1 (−0.05, 0.3) | 0.14 | |
| SRe/SRa | −0.2 (−0.4, 0.04) | 0.10 | |
| Body mass index ((kg/m2) | SRs | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.001) | 0.063 |
| SRa | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.1) | 0.31 | |
| Hypertension | εe | 0.1 (−1.5, 1.7) | 0.91 |
| SRs | −0.01 (−0.2, 0.2) | 0.89 | |
| SRe | 0.03 (−0.1, 0.2) | 0.71 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | εe | −2.0 (−3.7, −0.2) | 0.032 |
| SRe | 0.2 (−0.003, 0.4) | 0.054 | |
| SRe/SRa | −0.2 (−0.4, 0.1) | 0.14 | |
| Dyslipidemia | εe | 0.2 (−1.3, 1.7) | 0.79 |
| SRe | −0.04 (−0.2, 0.1) | 0.62 | |
| SRe/SRa | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.1) | 0.29 | |
| Heart rate (beats per minute) | εa | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | 0.001 |
| SRs | 0.006 (−0.001, 0.01) | 0.080 | |
| SRa | −0.02 (−0.03, −0.01) | <0.0001 | |
| Central systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | εe | −0.004 (−0.05, 0.04) | 0.85 |
| SRe | 0.001 (−0.003, 0.01) | 0.61 | |
| SRe/SRa | −0.004 (−0.01, 0.001) | 0.12 | |
| Central diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | SRs | 0.01 (−0.0002, 0.01) | 0.058 |
| Central pulse pressure (mmHg) | εs | −0.03 (−0.1, 0.1) | 0.56 |
| εe | −0.03 (−0.1, 0.05) | 0.44 | |
| SRs | 0.001 (−0.004, 0.01) | 0.69 | |
| SRa | 0.001 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.88 |
Variables were selected based on simple linear regression with P < 0.05 at univariate analysis. Univariable analysis results are described in the text.
Multiple regression models performed.
Outcome εs; Confounders Age, Central pulse pressure.
Outcome εe; Confounders Age, Ever smoked, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Central systolic blood pressure.
Outcome εa; Confounders Heart rate.
Outcome SRs; Confounders Age, Body mass index, Heart rate, Central diastolic blood pressure, Central pulse pressure.
Outcome SRe; Confounders Age, Ever smoked, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Central systolic blood pressure.
Outcome SRa; Confounders Female, Body mass index, Heart rate, Central pulse pressure.
Outcome SRe/SRa; Confounders Age, Ever smoked, Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Central systolic blood pressure.