Table 3.

Multivariable model for association between individual amino acids and left atrial function.

Amino acids	LA function	Coef (95% CI)	P-value
Ala	εa	0.2 (−4.3, 4.7)	0.93
	SRa	−0.2 (−0.8, 0.5)	0.57
	SRe/SRa	−0.3 (−0.7, 0.04)	0.081
Arg	—	—	—
Asp	—	—	—
Cit	εs	−4.0 (−7.2, −0.7)	0.016
	εa	−3.4 (−5.5, −1.2)	0.002
	SRa	0.4 (0.1, 0.7)	0.019
Glu	—	—	—
Gly	εs	1.5 (−5.5, 8.6)	0.67
	εa	2.1 (−2.3, 6.6)	0.35
	SRa	−0.1 (−0.8, 0.6)	0.76
His	—	—	—
IleLeu	SRa	0.1 (−0.5, 0.8)	0.68
Met	εa	0.7 (−2.1, 3.5)	0.63
	SRa	−0.1 (−0.5, 0.4)	0.78
Orn	—	—	—
Phe	εs	5.1 (−1.8, 12.0)	0.14
	εa	3.8 (−0.9, 8.6)	0.11
	SRa	−0.6 (−1.3, 0.2)	0.13
Pro	εs	0.2 (−5.7, 6.1)	0.95
	εa	0.1 (−3.9, 4.2)	0.95
	SRs	0.2 (−0.1, 0.6)	0.20
	SRa	−0.2 (−0.8, 0.4)	0.56
Ser	εs	10.1 (2.0, 18.2)	0.015
	εa	4.5 (−0.8, 9.8)	0.098
	SRs	0.5 (0.04, 1.0)	0.033
	SRa	−0.9 (−1.7, −0.2)	0.016
Trp	—	—	—
Tyr	—	—	—
Val	SRe/SRa	−0.4 (−0.7, −0.02)	0.039

(1) The association of amino acids with LA function was first assessed using simple linear regression, individually. (2) For each amino acids with p < 0.05 in univariate analysis, multivariate linear regression was further conducted adjusting for clinical confounders. The adjustments are.

Outcome εs; Confounder age.

Outcome εe; Confounder Age, Diabetes mellitus.

Outcome εa; Confounder Heart rate.

Outcome SRs; Confounder Age.

Outcome SRe; Confounder Age.

Outcome SRa; Confounder Heart rate.

Outcome SRe/SRa; Confounder Age.

(3) Finally multivariate linear regression was conducted including all amino acids that show an association with p < 0.05 in the multivariable analysis (2).