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. 2018 May 25;9:2084. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04548-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Arrangement of ON and OFF receptive fields confers direction selectivity to slow frequency-modulated sweeps in vivo. a Response of a DOWN-selective unit to 3-octave FM sweeps. Left, raster plot of spiking responses to different velocities. Orange and brown ticks indicate beginning and end of UP and DOWN sweeps, respectively. Top right, outline ON and OFF FRAs for the same unit. Bottom right, mean spiking responses to sweeps at different speeds for UP and DOWN directions. b Same as a, but for an UP-selective unit. c Direction selectivity index (DSI) at different speeds for the UP-selective units (orange) and DOWN-selective units (brown) recorded in adult A1. Positive DSI indicates selectivity for UP FM sweeps. Only units with measureable ON and OFF receptive fields were included. In these units, direction selectivity was observed at slower speeds only (>35 oct/sec). d Relationship between directional selectivity and ON/OFF receptive field organisation in young (left) and adult (right) A1 neurons. Octave spacing between ON and OFF CF is indicated on the bottom axis. Positive values indicate that OFF CF is higher than ON. Each point represents an individual unit (adult: n = 30; young: n = 20). DSI values represented are calculated at the lowest speed (2.2 oct/sec). In adult A1, directional selectivity and ON/OFF receptive field arrangement correspond as predicted in silico