Table 2.

Studies utilizing Parkinson’s specific sleep measures for the evaluation of post-DBS sleep changes:

Study	Number of patients, surgery	Follow-up after surgery	Sleep evaluation instruments	Overall effect on sleep	Effect on onset and maintenance insomnia	Effect on motor symptoms	Effect on REM, RBD and RLS/PLMS	Effect on sleep refreshment and daytime sleepiness	Mean reduction Dopamine agonist dosage	Mean reduction in levodopa dosage	Mean reduction in total dopaminergic dosage
Deli 201531	25 bilateral STN	Single follow-up at 12 months	PDSS-2, Epworth sleepiness scale	Total PDSS score improved by 43%	No significant change	Reduction in immobility at night, muscle cramps and tremor in the morning	Reduction in restlessness of legs/arms	Reduction in daytime sleepiness	18%	63%	43%
Chahine 201132	5 bilateral, 12 unilateral STN	Multiple follow-ups upto 6 months	PDSS, Epworth sleepiness scale, IRLSSG rating scale	Total PDSS score improved by 33%	Reduced difficulty in staying asleep	No significant change on PDSS	No significant change in RLS symptoms. No de-novo RLS cases	Reduction in daytime sleepiness	Not specified	Not specified	50%
Nishida 201133	8 bilateral, 2 unilateral STN	Single follow-up 1 week after programming	PDSS, polysomnography	Total PDSS score improved by 20%	Strikingly decreased wakefulness after sleep onset on polysomnography (58% reduction)	Not specified	-1 out of 2 patients with dream enactment and nocturnal vocalizations improved-Two patients developed de-novo dream enactment behaviors-REM sleep with atonia (normalREM) increased, slow wavesleep increased particularly in thefirst half of the night	Reduction in day time sleepiness	–	Not specified	Not specified
Hjort 200434	10 bilateral STN	Single follow-up at 3 months	PDSS	Total PDSS score improved by 32%	Reduced difficulty in falling asleep	Decreased restlessness of arms, painful cramps, painful posturing and tremor on waking	No significant change	No significant change	Not specified	Not specified	29%