Table 1.
Articles reviewed on “cognition screening tests by telemedicine” that used videoconferencing. AD: Alzheimer's disease; GDS: Global Deterioration Scale; MCI: mild cognitive impairment; MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination; VMMSE: Videoconference-based Mini Mental State Examination.
| Authors | Year | Demographics of patients | Patients investigated | Results |
| Cullum et al [22] | 2014 | N=202; age: mean 68.5 (SD 9.5) years; education: mean 14.1 (SD 2.7) years | 59% healthy controls and 41% with MCI or AD | VMMSE and face-to-face MMSE was comparable (with the score is >15) |
| Kim et al [16] | 2017 | N=188; age: mean 78 (SD 24) years; education: telemedicine (2.4 years) and face-to-face (3.4 years) | Mild-moderate dementia | The mean annual VMMSE changes were less than the mean face-to-face MMSE score changes (0.60 vs 1.03 points), but not statistically significant. More than 95% of participants were treated with cholinesterase inhibitors |
| Timpano et al [17] | 2013 | N=342 (134 male); age: range 50-94 years; education: range 0-18 years | Cognitively impaired and healthy patients | VMMSE is comparable with face-to-face MMSE, but with cut-off 28 |
| Ciemins et al [18] | 2009 | N=63 (45% female); age: mean 61 years (range 36-90) | Type 2 diabetics, 17% with associated depression | ≥95% concordance in the 80% of the items of VMMSE with face-to-face MMSE |
| Mc Eachern et al [20] | 2008 | N=71 (34 male); age: mean 72 (SD 11) years | 37 AD, 11 MCI, 4 vascular dementia, 10 other pathology, 9 normal | No difference between VMMSE and face-to-face (P=.23) |
| Loh et al [19] | 2007 | N=20 (9 male); age: range 65-79 years | Cognitively impaired | The mean face-to-face MMSE was 23.3 (SD 3.6), MMSE by videoconference was 24.2 (SD 3.7) |
| Loh et al [21] | 2004 | N=20; age: mean 82 (range 72−95) years | Demented | VMMSE yielded similar results to face-to-face MMSE in 60% of patients; however, there was a moderate difference in 40% of two points or more on the MMSE on face-to-face MMSE |
| Montani et al [23] | 1997 | N=14; age: mean 88 (SD 5) years | Mixed | Mean scores VMMSE (22.2) were similar with face-to-face MMSE (23.7) |