Table 1.
Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) according to forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) expression
| Parameters | FOXC2 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low expressionn = 58 (%) | High expressionn = 26 (%) | ||
| Age (years) | |||
| < 65 | 18 (31.0) | 6 (23.1) | 0.603 |
| ≥ 65 | 40 (69.0) | 20 (76.9) | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 46 (79.3) | 19 (73.1) | 0.578 |
| Female | 12 (20.7) | 7 (26.9) | |
| Liver cirrhosis | |||
| Negative | 40 (69.0) | 11 (42.3) | 0.0296a |
| Positive | 18 (31.0) | 15 (57.7) | |
| T classification | |||
| 1 | 5 (8.6) | 3 (11.6) | 0.333 |
| 2 | 20 (34.5) | 5 (19.2) | |
| 3 | 28 (48.3) | 13 (50.0) | |
| 4 | 5 (8.6) | 5 (19.2) | |
| Differentiation | |||
| Well or Moderate | 57 (98.3) | 22 (84.7) | 0.0302a |
| Poor | 1 (1.7) | 4 (15.3) | |
| Tumor size (mm) | |||
| ≤ 20 | 5 (8.6) | 4 (18.2) | 0.449 |
| > 20 | 53 (91.4) | 22 (81.8) | |
| Pattern of tumor growth | |||
| Eg | 49 (84.5) | 18 (55.6) | 0.143 |
| Ig | 9 (15.5) | 8 (44.4) | |
| Fc-Inf | |||
| Negative | 37 (63.8) | 11 (42.3) | 0.0948 |
| Positive | 21 (36.2) | 15 (57.7) | |
| IM | |||
| Negative | 50 (86.2) | 20 (76.9) | 0.347 |
| Positive | 8 (13.8) | 6 (23.1) | |
| Vv | |||
| Negative | 46 (79.3) | 22 (81.8) | 0.766 |
| Positive | 12 (20.7) | 4 (18.2) | |
| Vp | |||
| Negative | 38 (65.5) | 17 (65.4) | 1 |
| Positive | 20 (34.5) | 9 (34.6) | |
| Va | |||
| Negative | 55 (94.8) | 25 (96.2) | 1 |
| Positive | 3 (5.2) | 1 (3.8) | |
| AFP level (ng/ml) (n = 73) | |||
| Normal (≤10) | 27 (55.1) | 3 (12.5) | 0.000777a |
| High (> 10) | 22 (44.9) | 21 (87.5) | |
| PIVKA II level (AU/ml) (n = 69) | |||
| Normal (≤40) | 19 (39.6) | 11 (52.4) | 0.43 |
| High (> 40) | 29 (60.4) | 10 (47.6) | |
| Ki67 labeling index | |||
| < 1% | 21 (36.2) | 3 (11.5) | 0.0348a |
| ≥ 1% | 37 (63.8) | 23 (88.5) | |
aStatistical significance is indicated by P < 0.05. Eg (expansive growth); Boundary between cancer and surrounding liver tissue is clear. Ig (infiltrative growth); Boundary between cancer and surrounding liver tissue is unclear