Fig. 4.

Over-expression of TaCIPK23 in Arabidopsis increased ABA sensitivity. a TaCIPK23-overexpression and wild-type seeds were germinated on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with different concentrations ABA (0 and 0.5 μM). b-d Time-course of germination percentages of TaCIPK23-overexpression lines and wild-type seeds in response to ABA treatment. e Quantitative evaluation of leaf opening and greening rates. Each data point is the mean (±SE) of three experiments (each with 35 seeds for each line). f ABA-mediated stomatal closure. 3-week-old rosette leaves of TaCIPK23-overexpression lines and wild-type plants grown under continuous light were immersed in stomatal opening solution for 2.5 h and in ABA solution (0, and 5 μM) for an additional 2.5 h. Bars = 10 μm. g Measurement of stomatal apertures. h Measurement of leaf water loss. Each data point is the mean (±SE) of three experiments (30 stomata per experiment). Significant differences from the WT are denoted by one or two asterisks corresponding to P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively, by Student’s t-tests. Significant differences from the WT are denoted by one or two asterisks corresponding to P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively, by Student’s t-tests