Table 2.

Pooled prevalence of anomalies by affected systems

System	Birth prevalence per 10,000 births (n = 14 hospital studies)	Live birth prevalence per 10,000 live births (n = 3 hospital studies)	Live birth prevalence per 10,000 live births (n = 3 community studies)
Central nervous system	75.85 (95% CI 58.80–92.90)	28.93 (95% CI 13.64–44.22)	26.19 (95% CI 15.55–36.83)
Musculoskeletal system	65.64 (95% CI 52.97–78.31)	79.38 (95% CI 32.32–126.44)	65.88 (95% CI 23.13–108.63)
Cardiovascular system	27.06 (95% CI 20.03–34.09)	23.04 (95% CI 4.69–41.39)	9.32 (95% CI -0.81 - 19.45)
Gastrointestinal system	50.19 (95% CI 42.50–57.87)	37.72 (95% CI 26.41–49.03)	a
Genitourinary system	39.08 (95% CI 27.86–50.30)	28.41 (95% CI 16.18–40.65)	37.42 (95% CI 13.14–61.70)

^aData not analyzed due to misclassification of umbilical hernia as gastrointestinal system anomalies