Figure 3.

Expression of α-SMA increases the force of individual LFs. By increasing the flaming time of the silicone surface, deformable substrates were produced with increasing stiffness, leading to an increase of the force, which is required to cause substrate wrinkles. The percentage of α-SMA–positive LFs producing wrinkles was related to the wrinkling proportion of α-SMA–negative LFs, as determined by immunostaining. On all substrates α-SMA–positive LFs exhibited a higher proportion of wrinkling cells compared with α-SMA–negative LFs.