Table 3.
Results of Weighted and Adjusted Multivariate Generalized Estimating Equation Modelsa assessing predictors of HEI-2010 scores among all food-at-home purchases in the FoodAPS dataset (2012–2013), displayed as effect (95% CI).
| Composite HEI | |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Store Type (ref: Conventional Supermarket) | |
| Supercenter | −0.54 (−1.93, 0.85) |
| Discount/limited assortment | 0.90 (−0.78, 2.57) |
| Conventional club | 2.18 (−0.63, 5.00) |
| Natural/gourmet | 6.48 (4.45, 8.51) |
| Dollar store | −1.37 (3.25, 0.50) |
| Other | −3.89 (−5.87, −1.92) |
|
| |
| Age groups (years) (ref: 18–29) | |
| 30–39 | −0.07 (−1.42, 1.28) |
| 40–49 | −0.76 (−1.99, 0.48) |
| 50–59 | 1.27 (−0.41, 2.96) |
| 60+ | 1.98 (0.57, 3.39) |
|
| |
| Sex (Female) | 1.19 (0.29, 2.10) |
|
| |
| Race/ethnicity (ref: White [non-Hispanic]) | |
| Black/Af Am (non-Hispanic) | 0.16 (−1.04, 1.37) |
| Hispanic (any) | 2.24 (1.18, 3.31) |
| Other (non-Hispanic) | 2.59 (0.64, 4.54) |
|
| |
| SNAP/Income Status (ref: Non-SNAP eligible, 185+% FPL) | |
| SNAP household | −1.96 (−2.76, −1.15) |
| SNAP eligible (non-household) | −0.92 (−1.64, −0.20) |
| Non-SNAP eligibile, 100–185% FPL | −0.76 (−2.18, 0.66) |
|
| |
| Education (ref: Some college +) | |
| <HS | −0.54 (−1.88, 0.80) |
| HS/GED | −1.49 (−2.34, −0.64) |
|
| |
| Own/lease car | 0.07 (−1.55, 1.68) |
|
| |
| Weekend | −0.37 (−1.30, 0.56) |
|
| |
| Week of month (ref: first [days 1–7]) | |
| Second (days 8–14) | −0.04 (−1.45, 1.38) |
| Third (days 15–21) | −0.84 (−1.67, −0.01) |
| Fourth + fifth (days 22–31) | −1.12 (−2.18, −0.06) |
|
| |
| Amount spent (ref: $50.00+) | |
| < $10.00 | −10.38 (−11.49, −9.28) |
| $10.00–$24.99 | −7.67 (−8.72, −6.61) |
| $25.00–$49.99 | −5.10 (−6.07, −4.14) |
|
| |
| Distance traveled from home (miles) | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.01) |
|
| |
| Payment type (ref: cash or check) | |
| SNAP (any) | 0.26 (−0.94, 1.46) |
| WIC | 8.29 (5.57, 11.00) |
| Debit card | 0.37 (−0.65, 1.39) |
| Credit card | 1.45 (0.22, 2.68) |
| Other (TANF or gift card) | 2.37 (−3.23, 7.82) |
a
Based on the complete case (non-missing) total of n=10,789
Abbreviations used: HEI (Healthy Eating Index), FPL (Federal Poverty Level), SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program), HS (high school degree), GED (General Equivalency Diploma), WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children), TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program)