Table 1:
Description of measured parameters according to the incremental severity of sarcopenia status
| Variables | Total (N=201) | Non-sarcopenia (n=91/45%) | Pre-sarcopenia (n=84/42%) | Sarcopenia (n=26/13%) | P for linear trends |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Measures | |||||
| Age (yr) | 74.3±6.6 | 72.2±6.7 | 75.9±5.8 | 76.6±6.5 | < .001 |
| Post menopause (yr) | 49.4±5.3 | 50.0±5.5 | 49.1±4.5 | 48.8±6.4 | .537 |
| Educational background (yr) | 6.1±4.1 | 7.2±3.9 | 5.1±4.1 | 5.7±3.9 | .002 |
| Body Composition | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9±3.4 | 25.2±3.3 | 25.0±3.1 | 22.9±3.6 | .008 |
| Body fat (%) | 35.3±6.2 | 34.8±6.1 | 36.1±5.8 | 34.9±7.5 | .336 |
| Lean body mass (kg) | 34.7±3.4 | 35.8±2.8 | 34.4±3.4 | 31.6±3.2 | < .001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86.7±10.3 | 85.8±9.1 | 87.6±8.0 | 84.1±10.4 | .153 |
| AWGS definition of Sarcopenia | |||||
| ASM index (kg/m2) | 5.8±0.6 | 6.1±0.5 | 5.8±0.5 | 5.0±0.3 | < .001 |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 1.1±0.3 | 1.2±0.2 | 1.1±0.3 | 1.1±0.2 | < .001 |
| Hand grip strength (kg) | 18.7±4.6 | 21.8±2.5 | 16.4±4.8 | 15.0±2.4 | < .001 |
| MMSE score | 24.6±4.2 | 25.9±3.3 | 23.5±4.6 | 23.6±4.2 | < .001 |
| aCES-D score | 8.8±9.9 | 6.4±7.4 | 10.3±10.7 | 12.2±12.7 | .050 |
| CVD risk factors, n (%) | .647 | ||||
| 1 | 15 (7.5%) | 6 (6.6) | 7 (8.3) | 2 (7.7) | |
| 2 | 39 (19.4%) | 21 (23.1) | 12 (14.3) | 6 (23.1) | |
| ≥3 | 147 (73.1%) | 64 (70.3) | 65 (77.4) | 18 (69.2) | |
| Medication, n (%) | .412 | ||||
| 0 | 32 (16.0%) | 13 (14.3) | 15 (17.9) | 4 (15.4) | |
| 1 | 68 (33.8%) | 30 (33.0) | 26 (31.0) | 12 (46.1) | |
| 2 | 63 (31.3%) | 34 (37.3) | 25 (29.8) | 4 (15.4) | |
| ≥3 | 38 (18.9%) | 14 (15.4) | 18 (21.3) | 6 (23.1) | |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | .692 | ||||
| 0 | 91 (45.3%) | 39 (42.9) | 42 (50.0) | 10 (38.5) | |
| 1–2 | 97 (48.3%) | 44 (48.3) | 38 (45.2) | 15 (57.7) | |
| 3–5 | 6 (3.0%) | 3 (3.3) | 2 (2.4) | 1 (3.8) | |
| ≥5 | 7 (3.4%) | 5 (5.5) | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0) | |
ASM: appendicular skeletal muscle mass; MMSE-DS: mini mental state examination of dementia screening; CES-D: the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale; CVD: cardiovascular disease; AWGS: the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia.
a
Log10 transformed CES-D scores were used for statistical analyses, and its raw scores were presented in the table.