Table 4.
FEED-X, mutagenicity test results.
| Strain | S9 | Untreated control | Vehicle control (DMSO) | FEED-X | Positive control | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 78.1 μg/ml | 156.2 μg/ml | 312.5 μg/ml | 625 μg/ml | 1250 μg/ml | |||||
| S. typhimurium | |||||||||
| TA 98 | −S9 | 0.67 ± 1.15 | 0.33 ± 0.58 | 2.00 ± 2.00 | 0.67 ± 1.15 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 48.00∗ ± 0.00 |
| +S9 | 1.67 ± 1.15 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 0.33 ± 0.58 | 1.67 ± 2.08 | 3.67 ± 1.53 | 1.33 ± 1.53 | 4.00 ± 1.00 | 34.67∗ ± 3.21 | |
| TA 100 | −S9 | 1.67 ± 1.53 | 0.67 ± 0.58 | 0.67 ± 0.58 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 1.67 ± 2.08 | 1.67 ± 1.15 | 2.33 ± 2.31 | 43.00∗ ± 2.00 |
| +S9 | 3.33 ± 2.08 | 7.33 ± 1.53 | 3.67 ± 1.53 | 6.33 ± 1.15 | 3.67 ± 2.08 | 3.33 ± 0.58 | 3.67 ± 1.53 | 48.00∗ ± 0.00 | |
| TA 1535 | −S9 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.67 ± 0.58 | 0.33 ± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 1.00 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 0.67 ± 1.15 | 0.33 ± 0.58 | 48.00∗ ± 0.00 |
| +S9 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.67 ± 1.15 | 1.67 ± 1.53 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 0.67 ± 1.15 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 42.67∗ ± 1.15 | |
| TA 1537 | −S9 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.33 ± 0.58 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.33 ± 0.58 | 1.67 ± 2.89 | 0.67 ± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 1.00 | 40.33∗ ± 1.53 |
| +S9 | 1.00 ± 1.00 | 1.00 ± 1.00 | 0.67 ± 0.58 | 0.67 ± 0.58 | 0.33 ± 0.58 | 0.67 ± 0.58 | 1.33 ± 1.53 | 42.00∗ ± 2.65 | |
| E. coli | |||||||||
| WP2 uvrA | −S9 | 0.33 ± 0.58 | 0.33 ± 0.58 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.33± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 1.00 | 0.67 ± 0.58 | 33.33∗ ± 3.21 |
| +S9 | 0.67 ± 0.58 | 1.33 ± 1.53 | 1.33 ± 1.53 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 1.73 | 0.33 ± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 39.00∗ ± 2.65 | |
Revertant colonies n = 3 (mean ± SD). ∗Statistically significant (P < 0.05); positive controls. With S9: 2-aminoanthracene (i) 5 μg/ml, TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, and TA 1537; (ii) 50 μg/ml, E. coli WP2 uvrA; without S9: 2-nitrofluorene—2 μg/ml, TA 98; 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide—0.1 μg/ml, TA 100; N4-aminocytidine—100 μg/ml, TA 1535; 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetra hydro acridine hydrochloride—15 μg/ml, TA 1537; 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide—1.0 μg/ml, E. coli WP2 uvrA.