Table 2.
Parameters of LLLT and outcomes in the included trials.
| Study | Laser type | Treatment time/number of total sessions/number of sessions week−1 | Application sites | Power | Dosage (J/cm2) | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conti [17] | GaAIAs 830 nm | 40 s/3/1 | TMJ and/or muscles | 79 mW | 4 | LLLT = placebo |
| Kulekcioglu [49] | GaAs 904 nm | 180 s/15/– | TMJ and/or muscles | 17 mW | 3 | LLLT > placebo (MO, LM) |
| LLLT = placebo (PI, TMJ sounds) | ||||||
| Venancio [19] | GaAlAs 780 nm | 10 s/6/2 | TMJ | 30 mW | 6.3 | LLLT = placebo |
| Mazzetto [41] | GaAIAs 780 nm | 10 s/8/2 | TMJ (external auditory meatus) | 70 mW | 89.7 | LLLT > placebo |
| Cunha [43] | GaAlAs 830 nm | 20 s/4/1 | TMJ and/or muscles | 500 mW | 100 | LLLT = placebo |
| Carrasco [1] | GaAlAs 780 nm | 60 s/8/2 | TMJ | 70 mW | 105 | LLLT > placebo (PI on palpation) LLLT = placebo (ME: masticatory efficiency) |
| Emshoff [18] | HeNe 632.8 nm | 120 s/20/2-3 | TMJ | 30 mW | 1.5 | LLLT = placebo |
| Lassemi [50] | GaAs 980 nm | 60 s/2/2 | TMJ and muscles | NA | NA | LLLT > placebo |
| Carrasco [43] | GaAlAs 780 nm | 60 s/8/2 | Muscles | 50/60/70 mW | 25/60/105 | LLLT = placebo |
| Shirani [53] | InGaAlP 660 nm and GaAs 890 nm | 360 s/6/2 | Muscles | 17.3 mW and 1.76 mW | 6.2 and 1.0 | LLLT > placebo |
| 600 s/6/2 | ||||||
| Marini [20] | GaAIAs 910 nm | 20 min/10/5 | TMJ | 400 mW | NA | LLLT > placebo |
| Sattayut [35] | GaAIAs 820 nm | –/3/– | TMJ and/or muscles | 60 mW or 300 mW | 21.4 or 107 | LLLT > placebo (high energy) |
| LLLT = placebo (low energy) | ||||||
| Silva [36] | GaAIAs 780 nm | 30 s or 60 s/10/2 | TMJ and/or muscles | 70 mW | 52.5 or 105.0 | LLLT > placebo |
| Ferreira [16] | GaAIAs 780 nm | 90 s/12/1 | TMJ and muscles | 50 mW | 112.5 | LLLT > placebo |
| Ahrari [44] | GaAIAs 810 nm | 120 s/12/3 | Muscles | 50 mW | 3.4 | LLLT > placebo |
| Demirkol [54] | Nd:YAG 1064 nm | 20 s/10/5 | Muscle | 250 mW | 8 | LLLT > placebo |
| Röhlig [51] | GaAs 820 nm | 10 s/10/3-4 | Muscle | 300 mW | 8 | LLLT > placebo |
| Wang [21] | GaAIAs 650 nm/830 nm | 15 min/6/6 | TMJ | 300 mW | NA | LLLT > placebo |
| Carli [28] | GaAlAs 830 nm | 28 s/4/2 | TMJ and muscles | 100 mW | 100 | LLLT = placebo |
| Fornaini [31] | GaAlAs 808 nm | 15 min/14/7 | TMJ | 250 mW | NA | LLLT > placebo |
| Sancakli [30] | GaAs 820 nm | 10 s/12/3 | Muscle | 300 mW | 3 | LLLT > placebo |
| Frare [52] | GaAs 904 nm | 16 s/8/2 | TMJ and external auditory meatus | 15 mW | 6 | LLLT > placebo |
| Venezian [45] | GaAIAs 780 nm | 20 or 40 s/8/2 | Muscles | 50/60 mW | 25 or 60 | LLLT = placebo |
| Mazzetto [46] | GaAlAs 830 nm | 10 s/8/2 | TMJ | 40 mW | 5 | LLLT > placebo |
| Uemoto [55] | Laser type NA, 795 nm | –/4/– | Muscle | 80 mW | 4 or 8 | LLLT > placebo (only 4 J/cm2) |
| Madani [56] | Laser type NA, 810 nm | 120 s/12/3 | TMJ and muscles | 50 mW | 3.4 | LLLT = placebo |
| Maia [29] | GaAlAs 808 nm | 19 s/8/2 | Muscle | 100 mW | 70 | LLLT > placebo |
| Cavalcanti [47] | GaAlAs780 nm | 20 s/12/3 | TMJ and muscles | 70 mW | 35.0 | LLLT > placebo |
| Magri [48] | GaAlAs 780 nm | 10 s/8/2 | TMJ and muscles | TMJ, 20 mW; muscle, 30 mW | 5 or 7.5 | LLLT = placebo |
| Demirkol [4] | Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm), diode laser (810 nm) | 20 s or 9 s/10/5 | External auditory meatus | 250 mW | 8 | LLLT > placebo |
| Machado [40] | GaAlAs 780 nm | 45 min/12/1–0.5 | TMJ and muscles | 60 mW | 60 ± 1.0 | LLLT = placebo |
GaAlAs: gallium-aluminium-arsenide laser; Ga-Ar: gallium argon; GaAs: gallium-arsenide laser; HeNe: helium-neon laser; InGaAlP: indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphide laser; LLLT: low-level laser therapy; NA: not available; Nd:YAG: neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; TMJ: temporomandibular joint.