Table 2.
Rates and Associations between Psychiatric Service Utilisation, Homicide, and Incarceration in Ontario, 1987 to 2012.
| Rate Change, 1987-2012 | Association with Homicide Rates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MAH Rate | Non-MAH Rate | |||||
| β (SE) | P Value | Spearman ρ | P Value | Spearman ρ | P Value | |
| No. of separations per 100,000 adult population | ||||||
| Psychiatric hospitals | –0.028 (0.002) | <0.001 | 0.10 | 0.61 | 0.67 | <0.001 |
| General hospitals | –0.016 (0.001) | <0.001 | 0.10 | 0.62 | 0.72 | <0.001 |
| All mental health–related admissions | –0.018 (0.001) | <0.001 | 0.12 | 0.57 | 0.72 | <0.001 |
| Length of stay per 100,000 adult population | ||||||
| Psychiatric hospitals | –0.049 (0.004) | <0.001 | 0.20 | 0.32 | 0.69 | <0.001 |
| General hospitals | –0.046 (0.005) | <0.001 | –0.12 | 0.55 | 0.62 | <0.001 |
| All mental health–related admissions | –0.048 (0.003) | <0.001 | 0.18 | 0.38 | 0.71 | <0.001 |
| Total population homicide rate (perpetrator based) | –0.019 (0.003) | <0.001 | ||||
| MAH | –0.007 (0.013) | 0.61 | — | — | — | — |
| Non-MAH | –0.019 (0.003) | <0.001 | — | — | — | — |
| Adult incarceration rate | –0.002 (0.001) | 0.08 | –0.16 | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.28 |
MAH, mentally abnormal homicide. Includes persons found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder and persons found unfit to stand trial. —, data values are not applicable for these cells.