GRK5 is necessary for hypertrophy induced by PHLPP2 knockdown. NRVMs were transfected with siControl (siCon), siPHLPP2 (siPH2), siGRK5 (siG5), or siGRK5+siPHLPP2 (siG5/PH2, 2 μm). Following knockdown, the cells were treated with PE (50 μm) for 48 h. A, representative images of immunocytochemistry on NRVMs to visualize cell morphology, phalloidin (green) and DAPI (blue) (20× magnification). The scale bars represent 25 μm. B, cell size was quantified using National Institutes of Health ImageJ software. ***, p < 0.001 versus siCon; #, p < 0.05 versus siCon+PE; ##, p < 0.05 versus siPH2+PE (n = 4 independent experiments, 400 cells/experiment, means ± S.D.). C and D, expression of ANF (C) and BNP (D) mRNA were determined following PE stimulation and represented as fold change over siControl. *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.01 versus siCon; #, p < 0.05 versus siCon+PE; ##, p < 0.05 versus siPH2+PE; n.s., not significant (n = 11 independent experiments for siCon and siPH2; n = 6 independent experiments for siG5 and siG5/PH2, means ± S.D.).