TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical details of cases included in the study
| S. no.a | Ageb/sex | Residence in India/place of reporting case | Yr | Predisposing factor(s) | Clinical diagnosisc | Sample | Treatment | Outcome/morbidity | Identification | Source or reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20/F | Rajasthan | 2015 | Uncontrolled diabetes type I | ROCM | Nasal scraping | Surgical debridement, liposomal amphotericin B | Improved with loss of vision in left eye | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | Present study |
| 2 | 36/F | Haryana | 2015 | Uncontrolled diabetes type II with diabetic ketoacidosis | ROCM | Nasal crust | Surgical debridement, liposomal amphotericin B | Expired after 1 day of therapy | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | Present study |
| 3 | 40/M | Delhi | 2015 | Uncontrolled diabetes type II | ROCM | Paranasal sinus biopsy | Surgical debridement, liposomal amphotericin B | Expired after 28 days of therapy | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | Present study |
| 4 | 55/M | Uttar Pradesh | 2016 | Uncontrolled diabetes, diabetic nephropathy with chronic kidney disease | ROCM | Orbital biopsy | Surgical debridement, liposomal amphotericin B, posaconazole | Improved with left orbital exenteration | R. microsporus var. oligosporus | Present study |
| 5 | 18/M | Uttar Pradesh | 2016 | Acute myeloid leukemia | ROCM | Nasal tissue | Surgical debridement, liposomal amphotericin B | Improved with right orbital exenteration | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | Present study |
| 6 | 42/M | Uttar Pradesh | 2016 | Uncontrolled diabetes type II | ROCM | Nasal tissue | Surgical debridement, liposomal amphotericin B | Expired after 20 days of therapy | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | Present study |
| 7 | 50/M | Haryana | 2016 | Uncontrolled diabetes, chronic kidney disease | PM© | Sputum | Liposomal amphotericin B | Improved after 25 days of therapy | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | Present study |
| 8 | 45/M | Jharkhand | 2016 | Chronic myeloid leukemia | ROCM | Nasal tissue | Surgical debridement, liposomal amphotericin B | Improved after 17 days of therapy | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | Present study |
| 9 | 50/F | Uttar Pradesh | 2016 | Uncontrolled diabetes type II | ROCM | Nasal biopsy | Surgical debridement, liposomal amphotericin B | Expired after 13 days of therapy | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | Present study |
| 10 | 55/F | Uttar Pradesh | 2016 | Uncontrolled diabetes type II | ROCM | Nasal crust | Surgical debridement, liposomal amphotericin B, posaconazole | Improved with loss of vision in right eye | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | Present study |
| 11 | 44/M | Bihar | 2017 | Uncontrolled diabetes, renal transplant recipient | PM | Sputum | Liposomal amphotericin, posaconazole | Expired after 15 days of therapy | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | Present study |
| 12 | 52/M | Bihar | 2017 | Uncontrolled diabetes type II | PM | Lung biopsy | Amphotericin B, posaconazole | Improved after 15 days of therapy | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | Present study |
| 13 | 65/F | Uttar Pradesh | 2017 | Uncontrolled diabetes type II | PM | Bronchoalveolar lavage | Liposomal amphotericin B | Improved after 25 days of therapy | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | Present study |
| 14 | 30/M | Madhya Pradesh | 2017 | Uncontrolled diabetes, renal transplant recipient | ROCM | Nasal tissue | Surgical debridement, liposomal amphotericin B | Improved after 18 days of therapy | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | Present study |
| 15 | 53/F | Delhi | 2017 | Uncontrolled diabetes type II | ROCM | Orbital and nasal tissue | Surgical debridement, liposomal amphotericin B | Expired after 21 days of therapy | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | Present study |
| 16 | 2 mo/M | Uttar Pradesh | 2017 | Post-abdominal surgery | CM* | Tissue from abdomen | No | Expired before initiation of treatment | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | Present study |
| 17 | 28/M | Delhi | 2017 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | PM | Endotracheal aspirate | No | Expired before initiation of treatment | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | Present study |
| 18 | NA | Chandigarh | 2004 | Diabetes mellitus | ROCM | NA | NA | NA | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | 4 |
| 19 | 65/M | Delhi | 2006 | Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, hypertension | ROCM | Maxillary sinus tissue | Surgical debridement, amphotericin B | Cure | R. microsporus | 5 |
| 20 | NA | Chandigarh | 2009 | NA | ROCM | NA | NA | NA | R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis | 6 |
| 21 | 56/M | Delhi | 2010 | None | CM | Ulcer biopsy | Surgical excision, amphotericin B | Cure | R. microsporus | 7 |
| 22 | 40/F | Madhya Pradesh | 2012 | None | ROCM | Right maxillary sinus tissue | Surgical resection, liposomal amphotericin B | Cure | R. microsporus | 8 |
| 23 | 39/M | Pune | 2014 | Trauma | CM | Pus from hand | Liposomal amphotericin B, posaconazole | Cure | R. microsporus | 9 |
| 24 (n = 13)d | NA | Delhi | 2014 | NA | ROCM (n = 7), PM (n = 6) | Lung tissue (n = 3), bronchoalveolar lavage (n = 3), endotracheal aspirate (n = 2), nasal mass (n = 4), lung fine-needle aspiration biopsy (n = 2), sinus aspirate (n = 2), maxillary sinus aspirate (n = 1) | NA | NA | R. microsporus (n = 1), R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis (n = 10), R. microsporus var. oligosporus (n = 5), R. microsporus var. chinensis (n = 1) | 10 |
| 25 | NA | Chandigarh | 2015 | NA | ROCM | NA | NA | Expired | R. microsporus | 11 |
a
S. no., serial number.
b
Age is given in years except where otherwise noted. NA, not available.
c
ROCM, rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis; PM, pulmonary mucormycosis; CM, cutaneous mucormycosis.
d
In this study, a total of 17 samples were collected from 13 patients.