TABLE 1.
NRTI, NNRTI, PI, and INSTI DRMs detected by Sanger sequencing genotypic resistance testing in 138 PR/RT and 39 IN sequencesa
| Inhibitor and DRM | No. | % | % HIVDB |
|---|---|---|---|
| NRTI | |||
| M184V | 67 | 48.6 | 53.6 |
| M41L | 52 | 37.7 | 27.3 |
| D67N | 41 | 29.7 | 26 |
| T215Y | 38 | 27.5 | 24.6 |
| L210W | 31 | 22.5 | 16.6 |
| K70R | 29 | 21 | 17.6 |
| K219Q | 27 | 19.6 | 10.5 |
| L74V | 20 | 14.5 | 7.5 |
| K65R | 19 | 13.8 | 6 |
| T215F | 19 | 13.8 | 9.1 |
| L74I | 10 | 7.2 | 3.7 |
| K219E | 10 | 7.2 | 5.8 |
| E44D | 10 | 7.2 | 7.2 |
| T69D | 9 | 6.5 | 5.4 |
| D67G | 8 | 5.8 | 2.3 |
| T69ins | 7 | 5.1 | 0.7 |
| A62V | 7 | 5.1 | 4.5 |
| T215D | 5 | 3.6 | 0.5 |
| K219R | 4 | 2.9 | 2.4 |
| M184I | 4 | 2.9 | 2 |
| K219N | 4 | 2.9 | 2.6 |
| Y115F | 3 | 2.2 | 3 |
| V75M | 3 | 2.2 | 3.2 |
| E44A | 3 | 2.2 | 1.3 |
| K70G | 3 | 2.2 | 0.3 |
| K70E | 3 | 2.2 | 1 |
| T215E | 3 | 2.2 | 0.1 |
| K70Q | 2 | 1.4 | 0.3 |
| E40F | 2 | 1.4 | 0.5 |
| V75I | 2 | 1.4 | 2.8 |
| F77L | 2 | 1.4 | 1.7 |
| D67H | 2 | 1.4 | 0.2 |
| T215L | 1 | 0.7 | 0.1 |
| D67E | 1 | 0.7 | 0.4 |
| T215I | 1 | 0.7 | 1.3 |
| Q151M | 1 | 0.7 | 2.6 |
| F116Y | 1 | 0.7 | 2.1 |
| T215A | 1 | 0.7 | 0.1 |
| V75T | 1 | 0.7 | 1.1 |
| T215C | 1 | 0.7 | 0.5 |
| NNRTI | |||
| K103N | 46 | 33.3 | 29.5 |
| Y181C | 28 | 20.3 | 16.9 |
| K101E | 17 | 12.3 | 6.9 |
| G190A | 14 | 10.1 | 13.5 |
| V108I | 14 | 10.1 | 7.7 |
| P225H | 12 | 8.7 | 4.2 |
| H221Y | 11 | 8 | 6.7 |
| L100I | 9 | 6.5 | 3.4 |
| A98G | 8 | 5.8 | 6.4 |
| K101P | 7 | 5.1 | 1.1 |
| K238T | 6 | 4.3 | 1.9 |
| Y188L | 6 | 4.3 | 3.7 |
| Y181I | 4 | 2.9 | 0.7 |
| E138A | 4 | 2.9 | 3.3 |
| G190S | 4 | 2.9 | 2 |
| Y188F | 3 | 2.2 | 0.1 |
| V179F | 3 | 2.2 | 0.2 |
| K101H | 2 | 1.4 | 0.9 |
| Y188C | 2 | 1.4 | 0.6 |
| E138K | 2 | 1.4 | 0.5 |
| G190E | 2 | 1.4 | 0.4 |
| K238N | 2 | 1.4 | 0.3 |
| F227L | 2 | 1.4 | 2.7 |
| K103S | 2 | 1.4 | 1.1 |
| M230L | 2 | 1.4 | 1.7 |
| Y181F | 1 | 0.7 | 0.1 |
| Y188H | 1 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| V179L | 1 | 0.7 | 0.1 |
| E138Q | 1 | 0.7 | 1.1 |
| V106A | 1 | 0.7 | 1.2 |
| V179E | 1 | 0.7 | 1.1 |
| V106M | 1 | 0.7 | 5.1 |
| L100V | 1 | 0.7 | 0.1 |
| V179D | 1 | 0.7 | 2.4 |
| PI | |||
| L90M | 27 | 19.6 | 25.8 |
| M46I | 19 | 13.8 | 19.7 |
| V82A | 17 | 12.3 | 20.5 |
| L10F | 14 | 10.1 | 7.6 |
| I54V | 14 | 10.1 | 21.8 |
| L33F | 11 | 8 | 11.5 |
| K43T | 10 | 7.2 | 0.1 |
| I84V | 9 | 6.5 | 1 |
| N88D | 9 | 6.5 | 4.9 |
| D30N | 8 | 5.8 | 5.3 |
| V32I | 6 | 4.3 | 4.6 |
| I47V | 6 | 4.3 | 0.1 |
| G73S | 5 | 3.6 | 6.6 |
| L23I | 5 | 3.6 | 1.3 |
| M46L | 5 | 3.6 | 8 |
| L89V | 4 | 2.9 | 3.2 |
| V82T | 4 | 2.9 | 2.1 |
| G48V | 3 | 2.2 | 2.8 |
| V11I | 3 | 2.2 | 2.7 |
| F53L | 3 | 2.2 | 5.6 |
| I54M | 3 | 2.2 | 1.9 |
| I50V | 3 | 2.2 | 1.3 |
| I54L | 3 | 2.2 | 2.6 |
| G73T | 3 | 2.2 | 1.9 |
| K20T | 2 | 1.4 | 0.1 |
| G73A | 2 | 1.4 | 0.4 |
| L76V | 2 | 1.4 | 3.5 |
| Q58E | 2 | 1.4 | 6.3 |
| N88S | 2 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
| V82S | 2 | 1.4 | 0.9 |
| T74P | 2 | 1.4 | 1.8 |
| I54S | 1 | 0.7 | 0.5 |
| L24I | 1 | 0.7 | 5.2 |
| I50L | 1 | 0.7 | 0.1 |
| I54T | 1 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
| G48M | 1 | 0.7 | 0.4 |
| I47A | 1 | 0.7 | 0.5 |
| V82M | 1 | 0.7 | 0.4 |
| I54A | 1 | 0.7 | 1 |
| L24M | 1 | 0.7 | 0.1 |
| V82F | 1 | 0.7 | 1.6 |
| INSTI | |||
| N155H | 11 | 28.2 | 29.9 |
| G140S | 5 | 12.8 | 24.6 |
| T97A | 5 | 12.8 | 12.2 |
| E92Q | 5 | 12.8 | 6 |
| Q148R | 5 | 12.8 | 7.1 |
| Q148H | 4 | 10.3 | 22 |
| E138K | 4 | 10.3 | 0.5 |
| G163K | 3 | 7.7 | 1.7 |
| G163R | 2 | 5.1 | 7 |
| G140A | 2 | 5.1 | 1.7 |
| E138A | 2 | 5.1 | 3.3 |
| E157Q | 2 | 5.1 | 7.4 |
| Y143R | 2 | 5.1 | 6.6 |
| Y143C | 2 | 5.1 | 3.9 |
| S147G | 2 | 5.1 | 1.5 |
| T66I | 1 | 2.6 | 1.2 |
| L74M | 1 | 2.6 | 0 |
| L74I | 1 | 2.6 | 3.7 |
| Q95K | 1 | 2.6 | 1.4 |
| S230R | 1 | 2.6 | 3.5 |
| T66A | 1 | 2.6 | 0.5 |
| Q148N | 1 | 2.6 | 0.2 |
a
No., number of DRMs among the clinical samples; %, percentage of the samples containing the DRM; % HIVDB, prevalence of the DRM among ARV-treated individuals in the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database.