Retrospective classification of the study patients. *, patients were excluded (n = 25) on the basis of no underlying condition favoring nocardiosis (n = 8), no proven alternative diagnosis or improvement at 6 months without anti-Nocardia treatment (n = 9), no clinical or radiological signs consistent with nocardiosis (n = 4), or positive microbiological cultures for Nocardia without PCR testing being performed (n = 4). **, antibiotic treatment for ≤14 days was allowed.