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| SLE | RA | SS | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peak incidence | Reproductive age | Perimenopausal | After 50–60 years |
| Female/Male ratio | Peak 15:1 | Peak 4:1 | Peak 14:1 |
| Total 9:1 | After 60 years 1:1 | Total 3:1 | |
| Influence of estrogen | |||
| High levels | Negative | Positive | Unknown |
| Low levels | Unknown | Negative | Negative |
SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; SS: systemic scleroderma.
