Table 3.
(Negative correlations), percent of variance (R2), and (p-value) for physical abuse and neglect accounted for by different societal factors.
| Constructs and variables | Physical abuse | Neglect |
|---|---|---|
| Economic stress | ||
| • Income inequality | .09 | .02 |
| • Poverty | .04 | .02 |
| Cultural spill-over | ||
| • Country in armed conflict | .07 | (−).01 |
| • Death penalty | .02 | (−).01 |
| Cultural norms | ||
| • Corporal punishment bans in schools | (−).03 | (−).04 |
| • Corporal punishment bans in home | (−).00 | .00 |
| Gender inequity | ||
| • Social Institutional and Gender Index (SIGI) | .34(<.001) | .27(<.05) |
| • Gender Inequality Index | .19(<.05) | .45(<.001) |
| Women’s health/health care | ||
| • Coverage for prenatal care | (−).08 | .11 |
| • Access to abortion | (−).29(<.01) | (−).25(<.01) |
| Children’s well-being | ||
| • Child labour | .14(<.05) | .50(<.001) |
| • Malnutrition | .02 | .37(<.01) |
| Burden of child care | ||
| • Children in the household | .24 (<.01) | .47(<.001) |
| • Weeks maternity leave | (−).35(<.01) | .00 |
| Economic environment | ||
| • Economic freedom | .01 | (−).03 |
| • Economic growth | (−).01 | (−).00 |
| Education | ||
| • Overall literacy | (−).25(<.01) | (−).43(<.001) |
| • Female literacy | (−).18(<.01) | (−).50(<.001) |
| Development | ||
| • Human Development Index | (−).19(<.01) | (−).48(<.001) |
| • Gross Domestic Product per capita | (−).02 | (−).05 |