. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2018 Jan 31;19(6):635.e1–635.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.01.001

Table 3. Significant neuroimaging findings.

Brain Region	Coordinates (MNI)	Z Score	Finding	Cluster Size (mm³)	Significance (p value)

Gray matter volume
PAG	2,-31,-14	3.52	HC > FM	395	.011^†
PAG connectivity negatively correlated with CPM (i.e. higher connectivity = more pain inhibition)
pgACC	8,46,2	4.14	HC & FM	400	.015^†
L Insula	-36,-6,-16	4.04	HC & FM	784	.044^*
L Insula	-46,2,-16	3.56
DPons	6,-32,-26	4.53	HC Only	736	.007^*
	6,-18,-20	3.66
	12,-22,-30	3.47
CPons / RVM	-4,-28,-34	3.71	HC > FM^#	584	.009^†
CPons / RVM	-12,-20,-26	3.42

Note:

p<.05 familywise error corrected for multiple comparisons, derived from voxel-level threshold of p<.001;

^†

p<.05 small volume corrected (See Table 4); PAG=periaqueductal gray; pgACC=perigenual anterior cingulate cortex; L=left; DPons=dorsal pons; CPons=caudal pons; RVM=rostral ventromedial medulla;

For this result, higher PAG connectivity was associated with more pain inhibition (i.e. correlation was more negative) in healthy subjects compared to a more facilitative effect of higher PAG connectivity on pain (i.e. correlation was more positive) in patients.