Table 2.
Systemwise structural malformations in NIHF cases
| Causes | No of cases | % |
|---|---|---|
| CNS | 10 | 7.7 |
| Anencephaly | 1 | 0.8 |
| Hydrocephalus | 3 | 2.3 |
| Microcephaly | 2 | 1.5 |
| Dandy walker malformation | 3 | 2.3 |
| Agenesis of corpus callosum | 1 | 0.8 |
| CVS | 34 | 26.1 |
| Structural heart defect | 21 | 16.1 |
| Rhythm disturbance | 6 | 4.6 |
| Cardiomegaly | 7 | 5.4 |
| Neck and thorax | 19 | 14.6 |
| Cystic hygroma | 15 | 11.5 |
| Thoracic duplication cyst | 1 | 0.8 |
| CCAM | 3 | 2.3 |
| GIT | 7 | 5.4 |
| Echogenic bowel | 5 | 3.8 |
| Intraabdominal varix | 1 | 0.8 |
| Omphalocele | 1 | 0.8 |
| Musculoskeletal skeletal | 11 | 8.5 |
| Osteogenesis Imperfecta | 1 | 0.8 |
| Asphixiating thoracic dysplasia | 2 | 1.5 |
| Short long bones | 2 | 1.5 |
| Fetal akinesia syndrome | 6 | 4.6 |
| Renal | 5 | 3.8 |
| Hydronephrosis | 2 | 1.5 |
| LUTO | 2 | 1.5 |
| MCK | 1 | 0.8 |
| Twin complications | 4 | 3.1 |
| TTTS | 3 | 2.3 |
| TRAP | 1 | 0.8 |
| No abnormality on US | 36 | 27.7 |
| Anemia—MCA PSV | 4 | 3.1 |
| Total | 130 | 100 |
P value of less than 0.05 is taken as significant and is marked in bold
CNS central nervous system, CVS cardiovascular system, CCAM congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung, TTTS twin–twin transfusion syndrome, TRAP twin reversed arterial perfusion, URSM urorectal septal malformation, MCA PSV middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity