Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and biomarkers and the average drug dosages at the first month in patients without versus with event (HF hospitalizations or death) within 19 months
| Variables | All patients (n = 499) | No event (n = 312) | One or more events (n = 187) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Age (years), mean (sd) | 76.1 (7.5) | 75.1 (7.5) | 77.9 (7.2) | 0.000 |
| Male gender (%) | 327 (65.5) | 200 (64.1) | 127 (67.9) | 0.386 |
| CAD (%) | 287 (57.5) | 153 (49) | 134 (71.7) | 0.000 |
| Charlson score, median [IQR] | 3 [2–4] | 3 [2–4] | 3 [2–5] | 0.000 |
| LVEF, mean (sd) | 29.8 (7.8) | 29.7 (7.7) | 29.9 (8.0) | 0.844 |
| Kidney_disease (%) | 277 (55.5) | 150 (48.1) | 127 (67.9) | 0.000 |
| BPsyst, mean (sd) | 118.5 (18) | 119.6 (18) | 116.7 (18.1) | 0.098 |
| Rales (%) | 209 (42.1) | 100 (35.5) | 99 (52.9) | 0.000 |
| NYHA > II (%) | 371 (74.3) | 219 (70.2) | 152 (81.3) | 0.006 |
| Biomarkers, median [IQR] | ||||
| sFlt | 98.8 [81–128] | 93.9 [77.3–124.2] | 105.6 [88.4–132.8] | 0.000 |
| GDF15 | 3940 [2697–5891] | 3530 [2416–5125] | 4786 [3433–7183] | 0.000 |
| CysC | 1.7 [1.4–2.1] | 1.6 [1.3–1.9] | 1.9 [1.6–2.4] | 0.000 |
| Ferritin | 152 [80–258] | 159 [85–261] | 151 [66–248] | 0.314 |
| IL6 | 7.3 [3.9–14.1] | 6.6 [3.5–11.9] | 9.3 [4.6–16.8] | 0.001 |
| PLGF | 22.6 [18.3–26.5] | 22.3 [18.0–26.1] | 22.8 [18.8–27.1] | 0.222 |
| SHBG | 30.1 [22.3–40.6] | 30.1 [22.7–42.3] | 30.1 [21.4–38.9] | 0.232 |
| sTFR | 4.1 [3.2–5.4] | 3.9 [3.0–5.2] | 4.3 [3.3–5.9] | 0.016 |
| hsTnT | 33.6 [19.1–62.7] | 28.6 [17.9–53.3] | 45.8 [24.4–85.4] | 0.000 |
| tP1NP | 36.7 [23.7–55.5] | 34.9 [23.7–51.5] | 38.2 [23.7–62] | 0.170 |
| Uric | 7.7 [6.1–9.2] | 7.3 [5.9–8.8] | 8 [6.7–9.5] | 0.003 |
| BUN | 10.4 [7.6–13.5] | 9.4 [7.3–12] | 12.5 [8.6–16.1] | 0.000 |
| sST2 | 35.9 [26–54] | 32.5 [24–45.5] | 43.5 [31–64.2] | 0.000 |
| NT-proBNP | 4194 [2270–7414] | 3675 [1831–6301] | 5465 [3049–9743] | 0.000 |
| Creatinine | 109 [88–141] | 102 [84–127] | 132 [99–157] | 0.000 |
| hsCRP | 6.7 [2.5–15.8] | 5.5 [1.9–14.8] | 8.9 [3.6–20.4] | 0.008 |
| PREA | 0.19 [0.15–0.23] | 2.00 [0.15–0.24] | 0.17 [0.14–0.22] | 0.015 |
| OPN | 26.0 [17.0–40.9] | 22.6 [16.1–33.6] | 33.5 [21.2–55.2] | 0.000 |
| Mimican | 116 [85.9–164] | 107 [84.1–145] | 143 [93.4–198] | 0.000 |
| IGFBP7 | 242 [201–291] | 226 [197–274] | 265 [221–315] | 0.000 |
| Medications, median [IQR] | ||||
| RAS inhibitors | 59.7 [44.3–100] | 59.6 [44.3–100] | 50 [40.3–100] | 0.048 |
| β-Blockers | 25 [11.7–50] | 25 [12.1–50] | 25 [10.5–46.1] | 0.119 |
| Loop diuretics | 60.6 [40–92.4] | 43.2 [33.1–80] | 80 [40–129] | 0.000 |
| Spironolactone | 1.6 [0–25] | 0 [0–25] | 12.5 [0–25] | 0.003 |
*P value of testing whether the variables are the same in the mean (for continuous normally distributed variables) or median (for continuous non-normally distributed variables) or percentage (for categorical variables) between those patients not hospitalized and those hospitalized or died (two-sided t test or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables)
IQR interquartile range