Table 2.
Results of the interaction (biomarker × medication) coefficient β tests using weighted logistic-GEE models (adjusted for age, gender, coronary artery disease as main cause of HF, Charlson Score, left ventricle ejection fraction, kidney disease, rales, systolic blood pressure, medication, and biomarker in logarithmic form) and their corresponding RAMCD-CVs
| Biomarkers | β-Blockers | LOOP diuretics | Spironolactone | RAS blockers | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sFlt | β (CI*) | 2.45 (0.37, 4.52) | − 0.8 (2.394,0.793) | 2.27 (− 1.83, 6.36) | 0.63 (− 1.21, 2.47) |
| P value** | 0.02 | 0.33 | 0.28 | 0.50 | |
| RAMCD-CV*** | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.73 | 0.74 | |
| GDF15 | β (CI) | 0.33 (− 0.82, 1.49) | 0.57 (− 0.902, 2.039) | − 1.10 (− 3.41, 1.22) | − 0.82 (− 1.86, 0.23) |
| P value | 0.57 | 0.45 | 0.35 | 0.13 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 | |
| CysC | β (CI) | 0.21 (− 1.72, 2.14) | 0.48 (− 1.16, 2.13) | − 2.73 (− 5.06, − 0.40) | 0.66 (− 0.88, 2.19) |
| P value | 0.83 | 0.57 | 0.02 | 0.40 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.70 | 0.71 | |
| Ferritin | β (CI) | − 0.58 (− 2.27, 1.11) | 0.09 (− 1.52, 1.70) | − 1.49 (− 4.37, 1.40) | − 0.70 (− 2.60, 1.21) |
| P value | 0.50 | 0.91 | 0.31 | 0.47 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.66 | 0.70 | 0.66 | 0.67 | |
| IL6 | β (CI) | 0.76 (− 0.61, 2.12) | − 2.74 (− 4.90, − 0.58) | − 1.22 (− 4.30, 1.86) | − 0.53 (− 1.85, 0.80) |
| P value | 0.27 | 0.01 | 0.43 | 0.43 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.73 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.73 | |
| PLGF | β (CI) | 3.67 (− 1.90, 9.23) | − 1.63 (− 6.60, 3.34) | − 7.90 (− 15.64, − 0.15) | 2.01 (− 2.08, 6.09) |
| P value | 0.20 | 0.52 | 0.04 | 0.33 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.67 | 0.71 | 0.66 | 0.67 | |
| SHBG | β (CI) | − 0.79 (− 3.64, 2.06) | 0.27 (− 2.88, 3.42) | − 2.09 (− 7.75, 3.58) | − 2.70 (− 6.08, 0.68) |
| P value | 0.58 | 0.86 | 0.47 | 0.12 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.65 | 0.69 | 0.65 | 0.67 | |
| sTFR | β (CI) | 1.35 (− 0.20, 2.90) | − 1.14 (− 2.85, 0.57) | 0.19 (− 2.75, 3.12) | − 0.11 (− 1.60, 1.38) |
| P value | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.90 | 0.88 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.71 | 0.73 | 0.70 | 0.71 | |
| hsTnT | β (CI) | − 0.77 (− 2.64, 1.09) | 1.11 (− 2.29, 4.51) | 1.42 (− 2.20, 5.04) | − 0.07 (− 2.14, 2.00) |
| P value | 0.42 | 0.52 | 0.44 | 0.95 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.70 | 0.73 | 0.70 | 0.71 | |
| tP1NP | β (CI) | 1.84 (0.04, 3.65) | − 0.66 (− 2.70, 1.38) | − 1.28 (− 5.38, 2.82) | − 0.98 (− 2.79, 0.83) |
| P value | 0.04 | 0.52 | 0.54 | 0.28 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.67 | 0.71 | 0.66 | 0.67 | |
| Uric | β (CI) | − 2.92 (− 7.18, 1.35) | 1.25 (− 2.23, 4.73) | − 1.98 (− 7.26, 3.31) | 3.00 (− 2.29, 8.29) |
| P value | 0.18 | 0.48 | 0.46 | 0.27 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.67 | 0.70 | 0.66 | 0.68 | |
| BUN | β (CI) | − 0.17 (− 2.08, 1.73) | 2.35 (0.67, 4.03) | − 1.31 (− 3.60, 0.98) | 0.54 (− 1.26, 2.34) |
| P value | 0.86 | 0.00 | 0.26 | 0.55 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.67 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 0.69 | |
| sST2 | β (CI) | 0.70 (− 1.47, 2.87) | 1.41 (− 1.12, 3.95) | − 0.97 (− 4.91, 2.96) | 0.83 (− 1.15, 2.80) |
| P value | 0.53 | 0.27 | 0.63 | 0.41 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.76 | 0.77 | |
| NT-proBNP | β (CI) | 0.27 (− 1.92, 2.45) | − 0.36 (− 2.84, 2.11) | 0.30 (− 3.94, 4.53) | 2.25 (− 0.14, 4.63) |
| P value | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.89 | 0.06 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.76 | |
| Creatinine | β (CI) | − 0.25 (− 2.37, 1.87) | 1.56 (− 0.12, 3.25) | − 2.60 (− 5.88, 0.69) | 0.56 (− 1.42, 2.53) |
| P value | 0.82 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.58 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.68 | 0.70 | |
| hsCRP | β (CI) | 0.98 (− 0.73, 2.68) | − 3.09 (− 4.95, − 1.23) | − 2.20 (− 5.71, 1.31) | 0.70 (− 0.94, 2.34) |
| P value | 0.26 | 0.00 | 0.21 | 0.40 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.72 | 0.75 | 0.71 | 0.72 | |
| PREA | β (CI) | − 1.02 (− 2.88, 0.85) | 3.21 (1.20, 5.23) | − 0.22 (− 3.66, 3.22) | 0.17 (− 2.06, 2.41) |
| P value | 0.29 | 0.00 | 0.90 | 0.88 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.69 | 0.74 | 0.69 | 0.70 | |
| OPN | β (CI) | 1.21 (− 1.07, 3.50) | − 0.07 (− 2.60, 2.46) | − 4.66 (− 10.10, 0.78) | − 0.30 (− 2.51, 1.91) |
| P value | 0.30 | 0.96 | 0.09 | 0.79 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.70 | 0.71 | |
| Mimican | β (CI) | 0.06 (− 2.25, 2.37) | 1.52 (− 1.00, 4.04) | − 3.60 (− 7.48, 0.29) | 0.57 (− 1.73, 2.87) |
| P value | 0.96 | 0.24 | 0.07 | 0.63 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.67 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 0.68 | |
| IGFBP7 | β (CI) | 0.52 (− 1.00, 2.03) | − 0.09 (− 1.52, 1.34) | − 3.13 (− 6.98, 0.73) | 0.25 (− 1.20, 1.70) |
| P value | 0.50 | 0.90 | 0.11 | 0.74 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.70 | 0.73 | 0.70 | 0.71 | |
| PLGF/sFlt | β (CI) | − 2.09 (− 4.8, 0.60) | − 0.16 (− 3.00, 2.67) | − 2.75 (− 7.55, 2.05) | − 0.27 (− 2.68, 2.15) |
| P value | 0.12 | 0.90 | 0.26 | 0.82 | |
| RAMCD-CV | 0.71 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 0.72 |
RAMCD-CV ranking accuracy for models based on clustered data using one-patient-out cross-validation
*CI: 95% confidence interval
**P value: p value of the interaction effect β in weighted logistic-GEE model
***RAMCD-CV for the whole weighted logistic-GEE model including the covariates and the interaction (biomarker × medication)