Table 1.
Types of heterologous infections [modified from Ref. (17)].
| Infection type | Category | Example | Characteristics | Antigen burden | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute | – | Influenza virus | Eventual clearance of pathogen and transient exposure of T cells to antigen |  |
(22–24) |
| Chronic | Latent | Epstein–Barr virus and Herpes simplex virus | Chronic infection with periodic reactivation and periods of T cell exposure and rest |  |
(25–27) |
| Smoldering | Cytomegalovirus | Chronic infection with low-level ongoing viral replication and infrequent T cell rest |  |
(27–29) | |
| Persistent | Hepatitis C virus and HIV/AIDs | Chronic infection with high viral replication (viremia) and no T cell rest, constant exposure to high levels of antigen |  |
(30–34) | |