Table 4.
Goodness-of-fit statistics and information criteria for the estimated models on the Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory.
| Gender invariance | ||||||||||||
| Model | χ2 (df) | CFI | TLI | RMSEA | 90% CI | CFit | Comparison | Δχ2 (df) | ΔCFI | ΔTLI | ΔRMSEA | |
| MGa. Male | 134.205∗ (48) | 0.983 | 0.976 | 0.029 | 0.039–0.059 | 0.536 | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MGb. Female | 165.040∗ (48) | 0.986 | 0.981 | 0.045 | 0.038–0.053 | 0.833 | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MG1. Configural | 299.245∗ (96) | 0.985 | 0.979 | 0.047 | 0.041–0.053 | 0.795 | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MG2. Weak | 305.616∗ (104) | 0.985 | 0.981 | 0.045 | 0.039–0.051 | 0.923 | MG2–MG1 | 6.371 (8) | 0.000 | 0.002 | -0.002 | |
| MG3. Strong | 332.529∗ (112) | 0.984 | 0.981 | 0.045 | 0.040–0.051 | 0.917 | MG3–MG2 | 26.913∗ (8) | -0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
| MG4. Strict | 357.956∗ (124) | 0.983 | 0.981 | 0.044 | 0.039–0.050 | 0.960 | MG4–MG3 | 25.427 (12) | -0.001 | 0.000 | -0.001 | |
| MG5. Latent variance-covariance | 406.102∗ (134) | 0.980 | 0.980 | 0.046 | 0.041–0.051 | 0.902 | MG5–MG4 | 48.146∗ (10) | -0.003 | -0.001 | 0.002 | |
| MG6. Latent means | 498.073∗ (138) | 0.973 | 0.974 | 0.052 | 0.047–0.057 | 0.238 | MG6–MG5 | 91.971∗ (4) | -0.007 | -0.006 | 0.006 | |
CFA, confirmatory factor analysis; χ2, Chi-square; df, degrees of freedom; CFI, comparative fit index; TLI, Tucker–Lewis Index; RMSEA, root-mean-square error of approximation; 90% CI, 90% confidence interval of the RMSEA; CFit, RMSEA’s test of close fit; Δχ2, Chi-square difference test; ΔCFI, change in CFI value compared to the preceding model; ΔTLI, change in the TLI value compared to the preceding model; ΔRMSEA, change in the RMSEA value compared to the preceding model; Bold letters indicate the final models and final levels of invariance that were achieved.; ∗p < 0.01.