Table 2.

Modifiable administrative evidence-based practice applications

Capacity-building domain	Core elements	Sample activities to build capacity	Time frame for modificationa
Leadership	Skills and background of leaders Values and expectations of leaders Participatory decision making	Training (e.g., leadership/management and employee training in EBPH) Peer networking (e.g., leaders and middle managers seek and incorporate employee input)	Short to medium
Organizational climate and culture	Support for innovation Learning orientation Access and free flow of information	Tools (e.g., 360 degree employee performance reviews geared to evidence-based practices; access to high-quality information) Assessment and feedback (e.g., employees perceiving that management supports innovation, direct supervisor expectations for EBPH use, performance evaluation based partially on EBPH principles). Incentives (e.g., recognition for using EBPH principles)	Short
Partnerships	Inter-organizational relationships Vision and mission of partnerships	Peer networking (e.g., build and/or enhance partnerships with schools, hospitals, community organizations, social services, private businesses, universities, law enforcement; communities of practice)	Medium
Workforce development	Employee on-the-job training Access to technical assistance	Training (e.g., in-service training in quality improvement or evidence-based decision making, skills-based training in organization and systems change, training aligned with essential services and usual job responsibilities) Technical assistance (e.g., access and use of knowledge brokersb) Assessment and feedback (e.g., use of process improvement activities including accreditation, performance assessment)	Short
Financial processes	Allocation and expenditure of resources	Tools (e.g., outcomes-based contracting) Incentives (e.g., contracts to incentivize use of EBPH principles)	Medium

^aTime frame definitions: short = less than 1 year; medium = 1–3 years.

^bA knowledge broker is defined as a masters-trained individual available for technical assistance (176).