Table 2.
Variables | No. of Studies | Pooled prevalence estimates | (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size | Cases | Prev. (%) | I2 (%) | Q-P | |||
Region | |||||||
North-central | 10 | 20 160 | 4713 | 23.38 | 22.80–23.97 | 99.71 | 0.000 |
North-east | 9 | 152 517 | 7246 | 4.75 | 4.64–4.86 | 99.84 | 0.000 |
North-west | 11 | 92 513 | 1926 | 2.08 | 1.99–2.18 | 99.79 | 0.000 |
South-east | 4 | 28 080 | 7498 | 26.70 | 26.19–27.22 | 99.46 | 0.000 |
South-south | 4 | 23 237 | 734 | 3.16 | 2.94–3.39 | 99.83 | 0.000 |
South-west | 6 | 3701 | 1820 | 49.18 | 47.55–50.80 | 99.52 | 0.000 |
Hosts | |||||||
Cattle | 32 | 154 953 | 19 446 | 12.55 | 12.39–12.72 | 99.75 | 0.000 |
Goat | 20 | 113 563 | 3510 | 3.09 | 2.99–3.19 | 99.60 | 0.000 |
Sheep | 12 | 51 692 | 981 | 1.90 | 1.78–2.02 | 99.55 | 0.000 |
Study period | |||||||
1970–1981 | 2 | 17 592 | 5726 | 32.55 | 31.86–33.25 | 95.93 | 0.000 |
1982–1993 | 3 | 2524 | 1090 | 43.19 | 41.24–45.14 | 99.75 | 0.000 |
1994–2005 | 5 | 117 606 | 8936 | 7.60 | 7.45–7.75 | 99.87 | 0.000 |
2006–2016 | 34 | 182 486 | 8185 | 4.49 | 4.39–4.58 | 99.76 | 0.000 |
Sample size | |||||||
≤1000 | 28 | 9345 | 4070 | 43.55 | 42.54–44.57 | 98.81 | 0.000 |
1001–2000 | 5 | 5916 | 3044 | 51.45 | 50.17–52.73 | 99.46 | 0.000 |
> 2000 | 11 | 304 947 | 16 823 | 5.52 | 5.44–5.60 | 99.92 | 0.000 |
Study type | |||||||
Abattoir-based | 36 | 314 679 | 20 919 | 6.65 | 6.56–6.73 | 99.79 | 0.000 |
Farm-based | 6 | 4127 | 2163 | 52.41 | 50.87–53.94 | 99.76 | 0.000 |
Market-based | 2 | 1402 | 855 | 60.98 | 58.37–63.55 | 97.98 | 0.000 |
MOD | |||||||
Macroscopy | 10 | 209 753 | 13 112 | 6.25 | 6.15–6.36 | 99.91 | 0.000 |
Microscopy | 31 | 109 098 | 10 154 | 9.31 | 9.14–9.48 | 99.63 | 0.000 |
Serology | 3 | 1357 | 671 | 49.45 | 46.75–52.14 | 99.49 | 0.000 |
Overall | 44 | 320 208 | 23 937 | 7.48 | 7.38–7.57 | 99.78 | 0.000 |
P < 0.001 for all strata; CI: Confidence interval; I2: Inverse variance index; MOD: Method of diagnosis; Prev.: Prevalence; Q-P: Cochran’s P-value