Skip to main content
. 2018 Apr 3;209(2):523–535. doi: 10.1534/genetics.118.300977

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Increased Raf activity in acetylcholine neurons is sufficient to regulate locomotion and increase acetylcholine release. (A) Transgenic lines expressing an activated form of lin-45/Raf (T626E/T629D) in acetylcholine neurons (yakIs34[Punc-17::lin-45(gf)]) have exaggerated body bends and coiled posture similar to the activated Gq mutant egl-30(tg26) and to animals expressing activated Rho in acetylcholine neurons (nzIs29[Punc-17::rho-1(gf)]). The wild type and egl-30(tg26) photos are the same as shown in Figure 1A, and the rho-1(gf) photo is the same as the one in Figure 3A. (B) Expression of activated Rho (nzIs29[Punc-17::rho-1(gf)]) or Raf (yakIs34[Punc-17::lin-45(gf)]) in acetylcholine neurons impairs coordinated locomotion similarly to activated Gq [egl-30(tg26]). N ≥ 19, * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post hoc test. (C) Animals expressing activated Gq, Rho, or Raf are hypersensitive to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor aldicarb. Activated Gq [egl-30(tg26)], activated Rho expressed in acetylcholine neurons (nzIs29[Punc-17::rho-1(gf)]), and activated Raf expressed in acetylcholine neurons yakIs34[Punc-17::lin-45(gf)]) become paralyzed significantly faster than wild type animals when exposed to 1 mM aldicarb. All strains are significantly different from wild type at t = 60, 75, 90, and 105 min. N ≥ 61, *** P < 0.001, two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test. (D) Animals expressing activated Raf in head acetylcholine neurons are hypersensitive to aldicarb. The yakIs34[Punc-17::lin-45(gf)] integrated array expressing activated Raf in all acetylcholine neurons and the yakEx154[Punc-17H::lin-45(gf)] (#1) and yakEx168[Punc-17H::lin-45(gf)] (#2) extrachromosomal arrays expressing activated Raf in head acetylcholine neurons show similar hypersensitivity to aldicarb. All strains are significantly different from wild type at t = 60, 75, 90, and 105 min. N ≥ 47, ** P < 0.01, two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test. (E) ksr-1 is not required for the aldicarb hypersensitivity of activated Gq. Paralysis of ksr-1(ok786) animals on 1 mM aldicarb is not significantly different from wild type. The ksr-1 deletion ok786 does not suppress the aldicarb hypersensitivity of activated Gq [egl-30(tg26)]. N ≥ 53. (F) ksr-1 is not required for the aldicarb hypersensitivity of activated Rho. Paralysis of ksr-1(ok786) animals on 1 mM aldicarb is not significantly different from wild type. The ksr-1 deletion ok786 does not suppress the aldicarb hypersensitivity of the activated Rho mutant nzIs29[Punc-17::rho-1(gf)]. N ≥ 41.