Fig. 1.

Peak blood pressure at the onset of isometric handgrip exercise. Data are reported as means ± SE. One-way ANOVA was performed to determine the main effect of group (nonobese, obese, bariatric). Obese adults exhibited a slower initial rise in blood pressure (A) and higher early peak blood pressure (B) compared with nonobese controls; no differences were observed between nonobese controls and individuals who underwent bariatric surgery. No group differences in the mean change (C) or rate of rise (D) in blood pressure were observed. *P < 0.05 vs. nonobese.