Fig. 2.

Change in blood pressure during isometric handgrip exercise to fatigue. Data are reported as a change from baseline relative to the total time to fatigue (A–C: absolute change 15-s averages; D–F: area under the curve, AUC). Repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to determine the main effect of group (nonobese, obese, bariatric), time, and the interaction of group and time. Isometric handgrip exercise elicited large increases in blood pressure across groups (P < 0.01). The increase in blood pressure tended to be lower in individuals who underwent bariatric surgery compared with nonobese controls and obese adults (P value range 0.06–0.14).