Change in peripheral hemodynamic variables during isometric handgrip exercise to fatigue. Data are reported as a change from baseline relative to the total time to fatigue (A and B: absolute change 15-s averages; C and D: area under the curve, AUC). Repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to determine the main effect of group (nonobese, obese, bariatric), time, and the interaction of group and time. *P < 0.05 nonobese vs. obese, †P < 0.05 nonobese vs. bariatric. Nonobese controls exhibited an increase in forearm blood flow in the nonexercising arm and a fall in total peripheral resistance during exercise. In contrast, obese adults exhibited an increase in total peripheral resistance with isometric handgrip exercise that was significantly greater compared with nonobese controls; the increase in peripheral resistance was less apparent in individuals who underwent bariatric surgery.