Table 3.

Number of prevalent users of disease modifying medication in Norwegian patients with inflammatory bowel disease two years before and after first dispense of low dose naltrexone (LDN). Three groups based on number of LDN dispenses: LDN x 1 (N = 189) collected LDN once, LDN x 2-3 (N = 137) two or three times and LDN x 4+ (N = 256) four or more times. Other systemic immunosuppressants include azathioprine, methotrexate, mercaptopurine, cyclosporine, and tacrolimus.

		Users before LDN		Users after LDN		% points change in number of users		p
		N	%	N	%		95% CI
All outcome drugs	LDN x1	139	73.5	141	74.6	1.1	(-6.8 to 9.0)	0.793
	LDN x 2-3	109	79.6	98	71.5	-8.0	(-15.6 to -0.4)	0.043
	LDN x 4+	216	84.4	191	74.6	-9.8	(-15.3 to -4.2)	0.001
Systemic immunosuppressants	LDN x1	93	49.2	95	50.3	1.1	(-6.6 to 8.7)	0.786
	LDN x 2-3	73	53.3	69	50.4	-2.9	(-11.0 to 5.2)	0.481
	LDN x 4+	137	53.5	121	47.3	-6.3	(-12.4 to -0.1)	0.050
Systemic corticosteroids	LDN x1	71	37.6	71	37.6	0.0	(-8.3 to 8.3)	1.000
	LDN x 2-3	60	43.8	54	39.4	-4.4	(-12.9 to 4.2)	0.319
	LDN x 4+	107	41.8	92	35.9	-5.9	(-12.4 to 0.6)	0.080
TNF-α inhibitors	LDN x1	32	16.9	30	15.9	-1.1	(-6.5 to 4.4)	0.706
	LDN x 2-3	14	10.2	15	10.9	0.7	(-4.8 to 6.3)	0.797
	LDN x 4+	27	10.5	25	9.8	-0.8	(-4.3 to 2.0)	0.468
Other systemic immunosuppressants	LDN x1	39	20.6	33	17.5	-3.2	(-8.4 to 2.1)	0.241
	LDN x 2-3	23	16.8	28	20.4	3.6	(-3.2 to 10.5)	0.299
	LDN x 4+	45	17.6	32	12.5	-5.1	(-8.8 to -1.3)	0.010
Intestinal anti-inflammatory agents	LDN x1	109	57.7	102	54.0	-3.7	(-11.8 to 4.4)	0.371
	LDN x 2-3	82	59.9	72	52.6	-7.3	(-15.8 to 1.2)	0.098
	LDN x 4+	168	65.4	140	54.5	-10.9	(-17.0 to -4.7)	0.001
Intestinal corticosteroids	LDN x1	42	22.2	46	24.3	2.1	(-4.4 to 8.7)	0.528
	LDN x 2-3	40	29.2	36	26.3	-2.9	(-11.7 to 5.9)	0.518
	LDN x 4+	53	20.7	36	14.1	-6.6	(-11.7 to -1.6)	0.012
Aminosalicylates	LDN x1	89	47.1	78	41.3	-5.8	(-12.7 to 1.1)	0.103
	LDN x 2-3	58	42.3	50	36.5	-5.8	(-11.8 to 0.2)	0.061
	LDN x 4+	139	54.3	116	45.3	-9.0	(-14.3 to -3.6)	0.001