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Flow chart outlining the two stages of miRNA profiling and validation performed in the study. The number of microRNAs (miRNAs) and individuals analysed at each stage are depicted. Nz, normozoospermia; SA, secretory azoospermia; OA-V, obstructive azoospermia from men successfully vasectomized; piRNA, Piwi-interacting RNA; RT-qPCR, quantitative RT-PCR.
