Table I.
Clinical data of individuals included in the study of miRNA content of seminal plasma exosomes in azoospermia.
| Patient no. | Spermiogram | Subgroups | Male age (years)a | Testes volume (R, L) | FSH (IU/l) | Semen volume (ml) | pH (>7,2) | Sperm count (×106/ml) | Progressive motility (%) | Nomal morphology (%) | Fructose (umol/ejac) >13 | Citrate (umol/ejac) >52 | a-Glucosidase (mU/ejac) >20 | Naturally conceived children (n) | IVF conceived children (n, IVF cycles) | TESE value (million/ml) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nz | Nz | 41 | 20, 20 | nd | 2.5 | 7.5 | 137 | 47 | 15 | nd | nd | nd | Yes (2) | – | – |
| 2 | Nz | Nz | 40 | 20, 20 | nd | 6.3 | 7.5 | 114 | 65 | 5 | nd | nd | nd | Yes (2) | – | – |
| 3 | Nz | Nz | 40 | 20, 20 | nd | 2.4 | 7.5 | 113 | 52 | 6 | nd | nd | nd | Yes (2) | – | – |
| 4 | Nz | Nz | 44 | 20, 20 | nd | 3.6 | 7.5 | 90 | 73 | 9 | nd | nd | nd | Yes (2) | – | – |
| 5 | Nz | Nz | 39 | 15, 15 | nd | 4.9 | 7.2 | 60 | 53 | 6 | nd | nd | nd | Yes (1) | – | – |
| 6 | Nz | Nz | 37 | 20, 20 | nd | 4.2 | 7.5 | 56 | 70 | 12 | nd | nd | nd | Yes (2) | – | – |
| 7 | Nz | Nz | 46 | 15, 15 | nd | 2.8 | 7.7 | 41 | 42 | 4 | nd | nd | nd | Yes (2) | – | – |
| 8 | Nz | Nz | 39 | 20, 20 | nd | 2.3 | 7.5 | 20 | 63 | 8 | nd | nd | nd | Yes (2) | – | – |
| 9 | Nz | Nz | 45 | 22, 22 | nd | 4.1 | 7.2 | 20 | 36 | 9 | nd | nd | nd | Yes (2) | – | – |
| 10 | AZO | SA (Sp+) | 39 | 6, 9 | 12.6 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 0.15 | 13 | 0 | 47 | 84 | 15 | No | – | nd |
| 11 | AZO | SA (Sp+) | 36 | 17, 0 | 15.3 | 4.0 | 7.2 | 0.1 | 4 | 0 | nd | nd | nd | No | No (1 IVF) | R: 0.029 |
| 12 | AZO | SA (Sp+) | 48 | 20, 10 | 17.2 | 2.6 | 7.2 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | nd | nd | nd | No | Gest (2 IVF) | R: 0.02; L: 0.01 |
| 13 | AZO | SA* (Sp+) | 30 | 10, 9 | 0.4 | 3.8 | 7.7 | 0.001 | 0 | 0 | 51 | 48 | 18 | No | – | nd |
| 14 | AZO | SA* (Sp+) | 22 | 4, 4 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 7.7 | 0.001 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 56 | 18 | No | – | nd |
| 15 | AZO | SA (Sp+) | 51 | 8, 8 | 19.3 | 3.3 | 7.2 | 0-0.001 | 0 | 0 | nd | nd | nd | No | – | nd |
| 16 | AZO | SA (Sp+) | 30 | 10, 8 | 11.3 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 0 | – | – | 146 | 62 | 12 | No | Gest (1 IVF) | R + L: 0.001; μTESE L: 0.047 |
| 17 | AZO | SA (Sp+) | 45 | 15, 15 | 15.0 | 3.1 | 7.7 | 0 | – | – | 53 | 39 | 6 | No | No (1 IVF) | R: 0.07; L: 0.06 |
| 18 | AZO | SA (Sp−) | 38 | 10, 10 | 8.4 | 4.7 | 7.5 | 0 | – | – | 35 | 73 | 10 | No | – | R:0; L: 0 |
| 19 | AZO | SA (Sp−) | 45 | 10, 12 | 55.0 | 5.2 | 7.7 | 0 | – | – | nd | nd | nd | No | – | R: 0; L: 0.002 |
| 20 | AZO | SA (Sp−) | 30 | 9, 9 | 32.9 | 8.5 | 7.2 | 0 | – | – | 176 | 167 | 25 | No | – | R:0; L: 0 |
| 21 | AZO | SA (Sp−) | 30 | 13, 15 | 18.4 | 5.1 | 7.5 | 0 | – | – | 156 | 83 | 13 | No | – | R:0; L: 0 |
| 22 | AZO | SA | 34 | 12, 10 | 38.0 | 5.3 | 7.2 | 0 | – | – | nd | nd | nd | No | – | nd |
| 23 | AZO | SA | 32 | 8, 8 | 18.2 | 10.8 | 7.2 | 0 | – | – | 161 | 321 | 23 | No | – | nd |
| 24 | AZO | OA-N# | 35 | 20, 20 | 10.0 | 1.3 | 6.4 | 0 | – | – | nd | nd | nd | No | – | R: 0.3; L: 0.55 |
| 25 | AZO | OA-N# | 37 | 25, 25 | nd | 0.5 | 6.4 | 0 | – | – | nd | nd | nd | No | – | R: 0.42; L: 0.25 |
| 26 | AZO | OA-N | 44 | 0, 15 | 8.4 | 2.9 | 7.5 | 0 | – | – | 48 | 93 | 31 | No | No (2 IVF) | L: 0.5 |
| 27 | AZO | OA-N | 33 | 0, 20 | 6.6 | 4.5 | 7.2 | 0 | – | – | 57 | 97 | 3 | No | – | L: 0.182 |
| 28 | AZO | OA-N | 41 | 20, 20 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 7.5 | 0 | – | – | 86 | 69 | 12 | No | Gest (2 IVF) | R: 0.246 |
| 29 | AZO | OA-V | 41 | 15, 15 | – | 1.8 | 7.5 | 0 | – | – | nd | nd | nd | Yes (2) | – | nd |
| 30 | AZO | OA-V | 40 | 15, 15 | – | 2.7 | 7.7 | 0 | – | – | nd | nd | nd | Yes (2) | – | nd |
| 31 | AZO | OA -V | 40 | 25, 25 | – | 3.0 | 7.7 | 0 | – | – | nd | nd | nd | Yes (1) | – | nd |
| 32 | AZO | OA -V | 40 | 20, 20 | – | 2.7 | 7.5 | 0 | – | – | nd | nd | nd | Yes (2) | – | nd |
| 33 | AZO | OA -V | 40 | 20, 20 | – | 2.7 | 7.5 | 0 | – | – | nd | nd | nd | Yes (2) | – | nd |
| 34 | AZO | OA -V | 39 | 20, 20 | – | 4.2 | 7.2 | 0 | – | – | nd | nd | nd | Yes (2) | – | nd |
| 35 | AZO | OA -V | 36 | 25, 25 | – | 1.7 | 7.7 | 0 | – | – | nd | nd | nd | Yes (2) | – | nd |
| 36 | AZO | OA -V | 40 | 25, 25 | – | 1.9 | 7.5 | 0 | – | nd | nd | nd | Yes (2) | – | nd | |
| 37 | OLIGO | Oligozoospermia | 37 | 20, 20 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 7.7 | 2 | 54 | 10 | nd | nd | nd | No | No (1 IVF) | nd |
| 38 | OLIGO | Oligozoospermia | 35 | 15, 9 | 3.8–4.2 | 4.1 | 7.2 | 3 | 40 | 4 | nd | nd | nd | No | – | nd |
| 39 | OLIGO | Oligozoospermia | 21 | 15, 12 | 2.5 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 5 | 9 | 0 | nd | nd | nd | No (single) | – | nd |
Nz, normozoospermia; AZO, azoospermia and cryptozoospermia; OA-N, obstructive azoospermia due to pathological naturally occurring- obstruction in the genital tract; OA-V, obstructive azoospermia as a result of a vasectomy; SA, secretory azoospermia/cryptozoospermia; SA (Sp+), individuals with a positive TESE value > 0.01 × 106 sperm/ml; R, right testis; L, left testis; nd, not determined; TESE, testicular sperm extraction; Gest, gestation.
aAge at the time of clinical assessment.
*Hypogonadism. #CBAVD (congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens).