Table 3.

AOR of elevated initial venous lactate for outcome variables in patients with acute GIB

Outcome	AOR	95% CI; p-value
ICU admission	2.96	1.74–5.01; <0.001
Inpatient endoscopy	1.64	1.02–2.65; 0.04
PRBC transfusion	3.65	1.76–7.55; <0.001

Notes: Multivariate logistic regression model included elevated initial venous lactate (>2.0 mmol/L) as the predictor of interest. Other variables in the analysis included age, gender, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol use, use of NSAID, use of aspirin, Charlson Comorbidity Index, presentation with syncope, bright red blood per rectum, abdominal pain, hematemesis, altered mental status, ascites, initial heart rate and systolic blood pressure, initial hemoglobin, platelet count, prothrombin time as INR, and creatinine.

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; GIB, gastrointestinal bleeding; CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit; PRBC, packed red blood cell; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; INR, international normalized ratio.