Table 3.

Statistical analysis between groups regarding the oxidative stress molecules and cytokines reported in Table 2

Molecules	CNS vs CS; p-value	CNS vs COPD-B; p-value	CS vs COPD-B; p-value	CNS vs COPD-E; p-value	CS vs COPD-E; p-value	COPD-E vs COPD-B; p-value
IL-1α (pg/mL)	0.0064	0.9895	0.0119	0.3918	0.0408	0.4469
IL-1β (pg/mL)	0.5203	0.2026	0.7374	0.2479	0.7940	0.9367
IL-2 (pg/mL)	0.8977	0.1719	0.3902	0.4305	0.7441	0.4008
IL-4 (pg/mL)	0.7188	0.4863	0.6298	0.3624	0.4083	0.8116
IL-6 (pg/mL)	0.0064	<0.0001	0.3246	<0.0001	0.2963	0.7592
IL-8 (pg/mL)	0.1649	0.0292	0.8504	0.0047	0.3608	0.2469
IL-10 (pg/mL)	0.8774	0.7726	0.5715	0.6440	0.9306	0.4606
TNF-α (pg/mL)	0.9181	0.3056	0.4138	0.0843	0.2766	0.5780
IFN-γ (pg/mL)	0.0206	0.5457	0.1541	0.4465	0.3169	0.7420
EGF (pg/mL)	0.3284	0.0459	0.6298	0.0036	0.2400	0.1592
MCP-1 (pg/mL)	0.3545	0.1212	0.6599	0.0023	0.0453	0.1526
VEGF (pg/mL)	0.4105	0.5457	0.9833	0.0819	0.3841	0.2859
SOD1 (U/mL)	0.2216	0.0121	0.2758	0.0122	0.4083	0.7164
GPx1 (U/L)	0.5711	0.5909	0.9666	0.8406	0.6793	0.6911
F2-IsoPs (pg/mL)	0.0122	<0.0001	0.0081	,0.0001	0.0385	0.4652

Notes: CNS: n=18; CS: (n=9); COPD-B, COPD patients with prevalent airway disease; (n=23); COPD-E, COPD patients with prevalent emphysema (n=22). The p-values are obtained using the Mann–Whitney U test between groups for each of the molecules studied (reported in Table 2). Significant values are reported in bold.

Abbreviations: CNS, control nonsmoker; CS, control smoker; EGF, epidermal growth factor; F2-IsoPs, F2-isoprostanes; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.