Table 1.
Observational studies of patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia (predominantly Alzheimer’s disease) and comorbid epilepsy
| Diagnoses (n) | Mean age at first seizure | Mean age at onset of cognitive decline | Mean age at diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease | Seizure types | Epileptiform EEG (protocol) | Epileptic foci | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cretin et al (2016)3 | MCI due to Alzheimer’s disease (13) | 63 | 66 | 70 | CPS (62%), SPS (23%), and GTC (15%) | 23% (routine 20-min EEGs) | Temporal (left hemisphere> right hemisphere) |
| Rao et al (2009)*21 | MCI (10), Alzheimer’s disease (9), vascular dementia (6), and dementia with Lewy bodies (5) | 62† | 71 | Not provided | CPS (72%), GTC (39%), SPS (13%), atypical absence (3%), myoclonic (8%), and unknown (3%) | 38% (unspecified EEG protocols) | Unilateral or bilateral temporal |
| Sarkis et al (2016)4 | Alzheimer’s disease‡ (64), mixed dementia (4), dementia with Lewy bodies (4), frontotemporal dementia (3), vascular dementia (1), and primary progressive aphasia (1) | 74 | 68 | 72 | CPS (53%), GTC (40%), and SPS (7%) | 36% (routine, serial, and extended EEGs) | Frontal or temporal |
| Vossel et al (2013)2 | Amnestic MCI (12) and Alzheimer’s disease (35) | 67 | 65 | 68 | CPS (47%), generalised (36%), and SPS (17%) | 62% (routine, serial, and extended EEGs) | Frontal or temporal (left hemisphere> right hemisphere) |
EEG=electrencephalogram. MCI=mild cognitive impairment. CPS=complex partial seizures. GTC=generalised tonic-clonic seizures. SPS=simple partial seizures.
*
Included 14 patients with structural lesions on MRI.
†
Included participants with long-standing seizure disorders.
‡
Included participants with possible Alzheimer’s disease (13%), probable Alzheimer’s disease (65%), and autopsy-proven Alzheimer’s disease (5%).