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. 2018 May 29;13(5):e0198016. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198016

Fig 1. FFAR1/GPR40-independent effect of palmitate on TXNIP mRNA levels in human and mouse islets and INS-1E cells.

Fig 1

(A and D) Isolated human islets, (B and E) mouse islets and (C) INS-1E cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence of test substances as indicated and described under Materials and methods. Changes in TXNIP mRNA levels (ΔΔCt) vs respective control (set to 100%, first column of each graph) are presented as mean ± SEM of n = 3–4 independent experiments; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 significant vs respective control. Abbreviations: Glc, glucose; Pal, palmitate; Ole, oleate; Stea, stearate; TUG, TUG-469 (FFAR1 agonist).