Accumulation of sphingomyelin (SM), a potential mediator in enhancing glycolysis-derived ATP, leads to reduced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) and mitochondrial function. Abbreviations: ADP, adenosine diphosphate; ATPase, ATP synthase; ETC, electron transport chain; G-6-P, glucose 6-phosphate; Mito, mitochondrial.