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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 29.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Nephrol. 2018 Mar;38(2):111–120. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.01.002

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Accumulation of sphingomyelin (SM), a potential mediator in enhancing glycolysis-derived ATP, leads to reduced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) and mitochondrial function. Abbreviations: ADP, adenosine diphosphate; ATPase, ATP synthase; ETC, electron transport chain; G-6-P, glucose 6-phosphate; Mito, mitochondrial.