Fig. 2.

Filoviruses inhibit the type I IFN response at multiple steps. This figure shows a simplified schematic of the type I IFN signal pathway. Viral PAMPs (e.g., dsRNA, endosomal ssRNA) are detected by host PRRs, such as RLRs (e.g., MDA5, RIG-I) and TLRs, which lead to the production of type I IFNs (IFNα/β) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Binding of IFNα/β to the receptor complex IFNAR1/2 activates the JAK/STAT pathway leading to the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Filovirus proteins (in red) target different steps of these pathways