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. 2018 May 23;38(5):402–412. doi: 10.3343/alm.2018.38.5.402

Table 1. Characteristics of included studies.

N (%)
Study design
 Before after study 56.6 (66.7)
 Retrospective audit 8 (9.5)
 Randomized controlled trial 5 (6.0)
 Non-randomized controlled trial 15 (17.8)
Similarity of patients and providers between comparison groups
 Both patients and providers comparable between both groups 7 (8.3)
 Patients comparable, providers not comparable 1 (1.2)
 Patients and providers not comparable 1 (1.2)
 Patients comparable, no data on comparability of providers 21 (25.0)
 Patients not comparable, no data on comparability of providers 3 (3.6)
 Providers comparable, no data on comparability of patients 7 (8.3)
 No data on comparability of either patients or providers 36 (42.9)
 No comparator group 8 (9.5)
Number of centers included 78 (92.9)
 Single center 6 (7.1)
 Multiple centers
Number of tests studied
 1 17 (20.2)
 2–5 5 (6.0)
 >5 53 (63.1)
 Unclear 9 (10.7)
Reproducible intervention
 Yes 44 (52.4)
 No 40 (47.6)
Sustainability assessed
 Yes 14 (16.7)
 No 70 (83.3)
Data on clinical outcomes reported
 Yes 45 (53.6)
 No 39 (46.4)