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. 2018 May 29;8:8213. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26115-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Plasma levels of galectin-3 in cardiomyopathy patients with and without heart failure. (A) Arterial and venous plasma levels of Gal-3 across the heart, kidney and liver from cardiomyopathy patients with HF (n = 15) and non-HF subjects (n = 5). Arterial blood was collected from the radial or brachial artery. Venous blood across the heart, kidney and liver was collected from the coronary sinus, renal vein and hepatic vein, respectively. Paired t-test was used to determine trans-organ effect of plasma Gal-3. Mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 vs. non-HF control. ^†P < 0.05 by paired-t-test. (B) Left ventricular mass index (LVMI), plasma level of Gal-3 and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in healthy controls (n = 20) and patients with non-obstructive (n = 27) or obstructive (n = 21) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 vs. control group and ^#P < 0.05 vs. non-obstructive HCM group.