Table 1.

Examples of turning maladaptive cognitions into adaptive cognitive reappraisals.

Maladaptive cognitions	Cognitive reappraisals
This pain will never go away.	I am in pain right now but that does not mean this pain will last forever.
There is no definitive cure. I will never be pain-free.	Advances are continually made in medicine and a cure may be found in the future.
I do not want to engage in any activity because I am in pain.	Even though I am in pain, let me see what I can do within a reasonable limit without causing any further pain.
I am a victim. If doctors cannot fix me, I cannot fix myself.	I am an active participant in my recovery.