Table 2.

Vaccine strategies in animal models targeting C. difficile surface components.

Antigen	Adjuvant	Route of administration	Schedule	Model	Outcome	Reference
Spore proteins CdeC, CdeM	Alum	Intraperitoneal	Days 0, 14, 28	Mouse and hamster	Hundred percent protection in mice. Eighty percent of protection in hamsters	Ghose et al., 2016a
Cell wall extract	Cholera toxin	Rectal	Days 0, 15, 30	Hamster	Partial protection against lethal challenge	Péchiné et al., 2013
LMW- and HMW-SLPs	Alum	Intraperitoneal	Days 0, 21, 42	Hamster	No significant protection	Ni Eidhin et al., 2008
SlpA precursor	Cholera toxin	Rectal	Days 0, 15, 30	Mouse and hamster	Significant decrease of intestinal colonization at day 10 after challenge in mice. Partial but not lasting protection in hamsters	Bruxelle et al., 2016
Cwp84	Cholera toxin	Rectal	Days 0, 15, 31	Hamster	Significant increased survival (33%). Absence of colonization in surviving hamsters	Péchiné et al., 2011
Cwp84	Pectin beads	Oral	Days 0, 15, 32	Hamster	Forty percent of protection	Sandolo et al., 2011
FliC	Alum	Intraperitoneal	Days 0, 14, 28	Mouse and hamster	Eighty nine percent of protection in mice 43 to 64% of protection in a dose dependent manner in hamsters	Ghose et al., 2016b
GroEL	Cholera toxin	Nasal	Days 0, 7, 14, 28	Mouse	Significant decrease of intestinal colonization	Péchiné et al., 2013
LTA-CRM197	Alum	Subcutaneous	Days 0, 15, 30	Mouse	Significant decrease of intestinal colonization	Broecker et al., 2016
Pilin	Freund’s adjuvant	Subcutaneous	Three immunizations	Mouse	Low antibody response. No protection	Maldarelli et al., 2016