Table 2.
Summary of studies evaluating the relationship of circulating inflammatory biomarkers with the parameters of right ventricular performance.
| Disease | Sample | Population | Inflammatory mediators | Findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTEPH and CHF | Serum | Patients with CTEPH (n = 49), CHF (n = 17), Control (n = 34) | TNF-α, sTNFR-1 and -2, IL-10, hs-CRP, and NT-proBNP | High serum levels of TNF-α sTNFR1, sTNFR2, NT-proBNP, and IL-10 in CTEPH and CHF patients. Correlations between sTNFR1, sTNFR2, IL-6, hs-CRP, and NT-proBNP and magnetic resonance imaging-derived RVEF. | von Haehling et al., 2010 |
| IPAH | Plasma | Patients with IPAH (n = 61), Control (n = 20) | CXCL-10, CXCL-12, and CXCL-16 | Association of increased levels of CXCL-10, CXCL-12 and CXCL-16 with RVEF and TAPSE. | Yang et al., 2014 |
| PAH | Serum | Patients with PAH (n = 40) | IL-6 | Inverse correlation of serum IL-6 levels with echocardiography-derived RV FAC, TAPSE, and right ventricle–pulmonary artery coupling parameters. Negative relationship between circulating IL-6 and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging-derived RV ejection fraction. | Prins et al., 2017 |
| HF patients presenting with RVF | Serum | HF patients with RVF (n = 83), Control (n = 15) | TNF-α | Correlation of TNF-α levels with severity of peripheral edema and multigated acquisition (MUGA) technique-derived RVEF. | Odeh et al., 2006 |
PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; IPAH, idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension; CTEPH, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary arterial hypertension; CHF, chronic heart failure; RV, right ventricular; RVF, right ventricular failure; RVEF, right ventricular ejection fraction; RV FAC, right ventricular fractional area change; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; sTNFR, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors; IL, interleukin; CXCL, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand; NT-proBNP, oxN-terminal pro oxb-type natriuretic peptide; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity oxC-reactive protein.
RV, right ventricular; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; sTNFR, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors; NT-proBNP, oxN-terminal pro oxb-type natriuretic peptide; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity oxC-reactive protein; IL, interleukin; PTX3, pentraxin 3; CXCL, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand.